Surgical Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Arising from Fontan-associated Liver Disease: A Report of Three Cases.

We herein report three patients with Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). All three patients had very high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations, and their HCCs were located in the peripheral areas of the liver. To identify the characteristics of FALD-HCC, we reviewed previously published case reports that included descriptions of imaging. This review revealed that FALD-HCC is generally located in the peripheral areas of the liver and AFP concentrations are usually high. Thus, it is important that follow-up of patients with FALD include repeated AFP concentrations and abdominal imaging.