Department of Fundamental Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8518, Japan.
Department of Active Ageing, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Nov 27;24(1):3303. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20845-7.
This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and characteristics of parental vaccine hesitancy towards routine infant immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan.
A web-based survey was conducted among 3,227 parents of children aged 0-11 years to assess vaccine-related hesitancy for routine infant immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines for children using the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) questionnaire. Data were collected from January 18 to 25, 2023. Covariates included demographic characteristics, economic status, COVID-19 infection status, decisional conflict scale, and the fear of COVID-19 Scale.
Vaccine hesitancy was found to be 52.4% for routine infant immunizations and 73% for COVID-19 vaccines. Significant differences in parental attitudes were observed between general childhood vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines for 12 out of 13 PACV survey items. The COVID-19 vaccines showed higher hesitancy rates in 10 items; largest discrepancies were noticed in schedule adherence (22.5% vs 61%), overall hesitancy (40% vs 55.1%), and trust in pediatric doctors (37.2% vs 53.6%). Safety concerns were high for both vaccine types, exceeding 50%. Multivariable analysis identified decisional conflict (RR: 1.01 95% CI: 1.00-1.02) and COVID-19-related fear (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.05) as hesitancy predictors for routine immunizations.
Vaccine-related hesitancy for COVID-19 was significantly higher than that for routine immunizations, with decisional conflict emerging as a primary predictor for both. Fear of COVID-19 was associated with routine immunization-related hesitancy. These findings provide critical insights for future pandemic preparedness and vaccine acceptance strategies, highlighting the importance of strengthening trust between healthcare providers and parents, providing clear and reliable information, and implementing decision support tools.
本研究旨在阐明日本父母对接种常规婴儿疫苗和 COVID-19 疫苗的犹豫程度及其特征。
通过在线调查，对 3227 名 0-11 岁儿童的父母进行了调查，使用《儿童疫苗家长态度问卷》（Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines，PACV）评估了他们对常规婴儿疫苗和儿童 COVID-19 疫苗的疫苗相关犹豫情况。数据收集于 2023 年 1 月 18 日至 25 日。协变量包括人口统计学特征、经济状况、COVID-19 感染状况、决策冲突量表和对 COVID-19 的恐惧量表。
常规婴儿免疫接种的疫苗犹豫率为 52.4%，COVID-19 疫苗的犹豫率为 73%。在 PACV 调查的 13 个项目中，有 12 个项目显示出父母对普通儿童疫苗和 COVID-19 疫苗的态度存在显著差异。10 个项目的 COVID-19 疫苗的犹豫率更高；最大的差异体现在遵守接种计划（22.5%对 61%）、总体犹豫率（40%对 55.1%）和对儿科医生的信任（37.2%对 53.6%）。两种疫苗的安全性担忧都很高，均超过 50%。多变量分析确定决策冲突（RR：1.01，95%CI：1.00-1.02）和与 COVID-19 相关的恐惧（RR：1.04，95%CI：1.02-1.05）是常规免疫接种犹豫的预测因素。
COVID-19 疫苗相关的犹豫率明显高于常规免疫接种，决策冲突是两者的主要预测因素。对 COVID-19 的恐惧与常规免疫接种相关的犹豫有关。这些发现为未来的大流行准备和疫苗接受策略提供了重要的见解，强调了加强医疗保健提供者与父母之间的信任、提供清晰可靠的信息以及实施决策支持工具的重要性。
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