Son Seungjin, Jin Soyoung, Hong Ji Yeon, Shin Jung-Min, Jung Kyung Eun, Seo Young-Joon, Kim Chang-Deok, Hong Dongkyun, Lee Young
Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
Ann Dermatol. 2024 Dec;36(6):361-366. doi: 10.5021/ad.24.001.
Alopecia areata (AA) is characterized by an autoimmune inflammatory response to hair follicles. Several studies have suggested that infection and vaccination can trigger an autoimmune process around hair follicles. Moreover, reports of AA and various other autoimmune diseases have increased since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became established.
We assessed the clinical characteristics and treatment response in patients who developed AA following COVID-19 infection or vaccination.
This retrospective study involved patients who had developed COVID-19 or received a COVID-19 vaccination within 3 months before the onset or aggravation of AA from January 2020 to December 2022.
Fifty patients met the inclusion criteria. Eighteen patients had a history of COVID-19 infection, and 32 had a history of COVID-19 vaccination. The mean onset of AA after COVID-19 infection and vaccination was 5.22±3.35 and 4.13±2.73 weeks, respectively. The most common COVID-19-associated symptoms before AA were fever (88.9%) in the infection group and myalgia (50.0%) in the vaccination group. In the vaccination group, AA most commonly occurred after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (BNT162b2, 46.9%) or Moderna vaccine (mRNA-1273, 34.4%). The vaccination group showed more rapid improvement than the infection group; however, both showed significant improvement after 6 months of treatment of AA.
We examined the clinical characteristics and treatment responses of patients who developed AA after COVID-19 infection or vaccination. Further research is needed to evaluate the detailed pathogenesis and association between COVID-19 and AA.
斑秃（AA）的特征是对毛囊的自身免疫性炎症反应。多项研究表明，感染和疫苗接种可触发毛囊周围的自身免疫过程。此外，自2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行以来，AA和各种其他自身免疫性疾病的报告有所增加。
我们评估了COVID-19感染或疫苗接种后发生AA的患者的临床特征和治疗反应。
这项回顾性研究纳入了2020年1月至2022年12月期间在AA发作或加重前3个月内感染COVID-19或接种COVID-19疫苗的患者。
50名患者符合纳入标准。18名患者有COVID-19感染史，32名患者有COVID-19疫苗接种史。COVID-19感染和疫苗接种后AA的平均发病时间分别为5.22±3.35周和4.13±2.73周。AA发作前最常见的COVID-19相关症状在感染组为发热（88.9%），在疫苗接种组为肌痛（50.0%）。在疫苗接种组中，AA最常发生在接种辉瑞-BioNTech疫苗（BNT162b2，46.9%）或Moderna疫苗（mRNA-1273，34.4%）之后。疫苗接种组的改善比感染组更快；然而，在AA治疗6个月后，两组均显示出显著改善。
我们研究了COVID-19感染或疫苗接种后发生AA的患者的临床特征和治疗反应。需要进一步研究以评估COVID-19与AA之间的详细发病机制和关联。
