Toor Anju, Goodrich Payton, Anthony Tyler L, Beckstoffer Claire, Jegan Haeshini, Silver Whendee L, Arias Ana Claudia
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1770, United States.
ACS Omega. 2024 Nov 20;9(48):47453-47460. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05746. eCollection 2024 Dec 3.
Ammonium (NH ) concentration is critical to both nutrient availability and nitrogen (N) loss in soil ecosystems but can be highly variable across spatial and temporal scales. For this reason, effectively informing agricultural practices such as fertilizer management and understanding of mechanisms of soil N loss require sensor technologies to monitor ammonium concentrations in real time. Our work investigates the performance of fully printed ammonium ion-selective sensors used in diverse soil environments. Ammonium sensors consisting of a printed ammonium ion-selective electrode and a printed Ag/AgCl reference were fabricated and characterized in aqueous solutions and three different soil types (sand, peat, and clay) under the range of ion concentrations likely to be present in soil (0.01-100 mM). The response of ammonium sensors was further evaluated under variable gravimetric moisture content in the soil to reflect their reliability under field conditions. Ammonium sensors demonstrated a sensitivity of 53.6 ± 5.1 mV/decade when tested in aqueous solution, and a sensitivity of 55.7 ± 11 mV/dec, 57.5 ± 4.1 mV/dec, and 43.7 ± 4 mV/dec was measured in sand, clay, and peat soils, respectively.
铵（NH ）浓度对于土壤生态系统中的养分有效性和氮（N）损失都至关重要，但在空间和时间尺度上可能高度可变。因此，有效指导诸如肥料管理等农业实践以及理解土壤氮损失机制需要传感器技术来实时监测铵浓度。我们的工作研究了用于不同土壤环境的全印刷铵离子选择性传感器的性能。制备了由印刷铵离子选择性电极和印刷Ag/AgCl参比电极组成的铵传感器，并在可能存在于土壤中的离子浓度范围（0.01 - 100 mM）下，在水溶液和三种不同土壤类型（沙子、泥炭和粘土）中对其进行了表征。在土壤中可变重量含水量条件下进一步评估了铵传感器的响应，以反映其在田间条件下的可靠性。在水溶液中测试时，铵传感器的灵敏度为53.6 ± 5.1 mV/十倍浓度变化，在沙子、粘土和泥炭土中分别测得的灵敏度为55.7 ± 11 mV/十倍浓度变化、57.5 ± 4.1 mV/十倍浓度变化和43.7 ± 4 mV/十倍浓度变化。
