Ahmed Gehad Mohammed Abdelaziz, El-Sayed Sawsan Khalifa, Galal Sara Ahmed
Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, El-Zahraa Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Dermatol Pract Concept. 2024 Oct 30;14(4):e2024238. doi: 10.5826/dpc.1404a238.
Dermoscopy is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that allows the recognition of morphologic structures not visible to the naked eye. Trichoscopy is useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of hair and scalp disorders.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the causes of focal non-cicatricial alopecia in Egyptian children and to assess the importance of the trichoscope in the diagnosis of each disease.
This study was done with 200 Egyptian pediatric patients aged from 2 to 18 years who suffered from focal non-cicatricial alopecia. Clinical and dermoscopic evaluations were performed on all patients, and informed consent was obtained from their parents.
The most prevalent diagnoses were alopecia areata (42%) and tinea capitis (40.5%), followed by trichotillomania (8%) and tractional alopecia (7%). Congenital triangular alopecia (1.5%) and patchy androgenetic alopecia (1%) were less common. Trichoscopy revealed distinct features in alopecia areata cases, such as short vellus hair, exclamation mark hair, black dots, broken hair, pigtail hair, and upright regrowing hair. The most common trichoscopic features of tinea capitis were comma hair, corkscrew hair, broken hair, bent hair, zigzag hair, morse code hair, perifollicular scaling, and diffuse scaling. These findings contribute to understanding the etiology and clinical presentation of childhood alopecia, facilitating accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
The routine use of trichoscopy in the clinical evaluation of scalp and hair disorders enhances diagnostic capabilities beyond simple clinical inspection. Trichoscopy reveals disease features that contribute to accurate diagnosis and improved management.
皮肤镜是一种非侵入性诊断工具，可识别肉眼不可见的形态结构。毛发镜对毛发和头皮疾病的诊断及随访很有用。
本研究旨在评估埃及儿童局限性非瘢痕性脱发的病因，并评估毛发镜在每种疾病诊断中的重要性。
本研究纳入了200名年龄在2至18岁之间患有局限性非瘢痕性脱发的埃及儿科患者。对所有患者进行了临床和皮肤镜评估，并获得了其父母的知情同意。
最常见的诊断是斑秃（42%）和头癣（40.5%），其次是拔毛癖（8%）和牵拉性脱发（7%）。先天性三角形脱发（1.5%）和斑状雄激素性脱发（1%）较少见。毛发镜在斑秃病例中显示出明显特征，如短毳毛、惊叹号样毛发、黑点、断发、辫子样毛发和直立再生毛发。头癣最常见的毛发镜特征是逗号样毛发、螺旋状毛发、断发、弯曲毛发、锯齿状毛发、莫尔斯电码样毛发、毛囊周围鳞屑和弥漫性鳞屑。这些发现有助于理解儿童脱发的病因和临床表现，便于准确诊断和适当管理。
在头皮和毛发疾病的临床评估中常规使用毛发镜可提高诊断能力，超越简单的临床检查。毛发镜揭示的疾病特征有助于准确诊断和改善管理。
