Feng Xiaoan, Li Guohui, Li Chunyu
National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, China.
National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, China.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2025 Feb;206:104591. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104591. Epub 2024 Dec 10.
Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful tool in cancer treatment, achieving remarkable success in combating various cancers. However, it also raises concerns due to its potential adverse effects, with immune-associated pneumonia being one of the most significant. The clinical symptoms of this condition primarily include dyspnea, persistent cough, and fever. Diagnosis requires knowledge of the patient's medication history and diagnostic tools like chest CT and bronchoalveolar lavage bronchoscopy to differentiate immune-associated pneumonia from other lung diseases. Studies suggest that the pathogenesis of CIP involves an immune response characterized by overexpression of T-lymphocyte subsets and elevated levels of inflammatory factors. The prevalence of CIP generally ranges between 2 % and 6 %, though it can vary depending on factors like the patient's individual characteristics, tumor type, and treatment strategy. Corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for CIP, with dosage adjustments based on clinical response. Additionally, traditional Chinese medicine is being explored as an adjuvant therapy to potentially enhance therapeutic outcomes.
免疫疗法已成为癌症治疗中的一种强大工具，在对抗各种癌症方面取得了显著成功。然而，由于其潜在的不良反应，它也引发了人们的担忧，免疫相关性肺炎是其中最严重的不良反应之一。这种病症的临床症状主要包括呼吸困难、持续咳嗽和发热。诊断需要了解患者的用药史以及胸部CT和支气管肺泡灌洗支气管镜等诊断工具，以将免疫相关性肺炎与其他肺部疾病区分开来。研究表明，免疫相关性肺炎的发病机制涉及以T淋巴细胞亚群过度表达和炎症因子水平升高为特征的免疫反应。免疫相关性肺炎的患病率一般在2%至6%之间，不过它可能因患者个体特征、肿瘤类型和治疗策略等因素而有所不同。皮质类固醇是免疫相关性肺炎的一线治疗药物，剂量会根据临床反应进行调整。此外，正在探索将中药作为辅助疗法，以潜在地提高治疗效果。
