Zuo Yanhai, Yi Lei
Department of Orthopedics, SiJing Hospital of SongJiang District, Shanghai, China.
Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital Affliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024 Dec 16;145(1):57. doi: 10.1007/s00402-024-05608-8.
Clinically, there has been increasing employment of the medial femoral condyle flap. Pigs have been employed as a model of the medial femoral condyle flap. However, related anatomical studies from the perspective of comparative medicine are rare. The objective of this study was to explore the vascular anatomy of the medial femoral condyle in pigs, explore the surgical procedure of the medial femoral condyle flap in pigs, and compare the medial femoral condyle flap in pigs and humans.
20 fresh cadaveric hindlimbs of hybrid pigs were used in this study. The origination, course, and branches of the vessels nourishing the medial femoral condyle were observed in 15 specimens. The variability in the anatomy of the vessels and the length and outer diameter of the vessels were evaluated. Surgical procedures for the medial femoral condyle flap were conducted on five specimens.
The nourishing artery of the medial femoral condyle in pigs was the second descending geniculate artery, which was observed in all 15 pigs and had a diameter and length of 2.013 ± 0.316 mm and 1.527 ± 0.212 cm, respectively. A skin incision of approximately 10 cm was used to harvest the medial femoral condyle flap of the pig in the supine position. After the adductor muscle was cut, the whole course of the second descending geniculate artery artery and its venae comitantes were exposed.
The vascular anatomy of the medial femoral condyle in pigs and that of humans exhibited great similarities. The medial femoral condyle flap in pigs was as easily harvested as that in humans. Pigs could serve as a suitable animal model for the medial femoral condyle flap.
临床上，股骨内侧髁皮瓣的应用越来越多。猪已被用作股骨内侧髁皮瓣的模型。然而，从比较医学角度进行的相关解剖学研究很少。本研究的目的是探索猪股骨内侧髁的血管解剖结构，探索猪股骨内侧髁皮瓣的手术方法，并比较猪与人的股骨内侧髁皮瓣。
本研究使用了20只杂种猪的新鲜尸体后肢。在15个标本中观察了滋养股骨内侧髁的血管的起源、走行和分支。评估了血管解剖结构的变异性以及血管的长度和外径。对5个标本进行了股骨内侧髁皮瓣的手术操作。
猪股骨内侧髁的滋养动脉为膝降第二动脉，在所有15只猪中均观察到，其直径和长度分别为2.013±0.316mm和1.527±0.212cm。采用约10cm的皮肤切口在仰卧位采集猪的股骨内侧髁皮瓣。切断内收肌后，暴露膝降第二动脉及其伴行静脉的全程。
猪股骨内侧髁的血管解剖结构与人类的非常相似。猪的股骨内侧髁皮瓣与人类的一样易于采集。猪可作为股骨内侧髁皮瓣合适的动物模型。
