Staheli L T, Corbett M, Wyss C, King H
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985 Jan;67(1):39-47.
We studied 1,000 normal lower extremities of children and adults in order to establish normal values for the rotational profile. The intrauterine position of the fetus molds the femur by rotating it laterally and molds the tibia by rotating it medially. These molding effects usually resolve spontaneously during infancy, and then genetically determined individual differences are unmasked. Rotational problems should be clinically evaluated and the findings compared with the normal values provided by this study. Out-toeing in infants, medial tibial torsion in toddlers, and medial femoral torsion in young children are extremes of a normal developmental pattern. In the vast majority, these rotational variations fall within the broad range of normal and require no treatment.
我们研究了1000例儿童和成人的正常下肢，以确定旋转轮廓的正常值。胎儿在子宫内的位置通过使股骨向外旋转来塑造股骨，并通过使胫骨向内旋转来塑造胫骨。这些塑形效应通常在婴儿期自发消退，然后由基因决定的个体差异就会显现出来。旋转问题应进行临床评估，并将结果与本研究提供的正常值进行比较。婴儿的外八字足、幼儿的胫骨内扭转和幼儿的股骨内扭转是正常发育模式的极端情况。在绝大多数情况下，这些旋转变化都在正常的广泛范围内，不需要治疗。
