Franchi Matteo, Fiorini Gianfrancesco, Conflitti Claudia, Schibuola Fabio Riccardo, Rigamonti Antonello Emilio, Sartorio Alessandro, Corrao Giovanni, Cella Silvano Gabriele
National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
Section of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Nov 21;12(23):2326. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12232326.
Obesity is continually growing not only in medium- and high-income countries but also in low-income countries, from where increasing numbers of migrants arrive in Western countries. We aimed to investigate the frequency and characteristics of obesity in a sample of undocumented migrants, a population for which official health data are not available.
We collected demographic and socio-economic data and information on medical diagnoses and pharmacologic treatments for 341 undocumented migrants consecutively attending the outpatient clinic of a big non-governmental organisation in Milan, Italy, from March to July 2023. To measure obesity, we used both body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). We used multivariate robust Poisson regression models to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) of overweight or obesity according to socio-demographic conditions and other risk factors.
Using BMI, the proportion of migrants with obesity was 28.7% (95% CI 24.0-33.0%) and those with overweight represented 32.3% (95% CI 27.3-37.5%). Obesity was more frequent among Asians (53.9%, 95% CI 37.2-69.9%), followed by Latinos (38.7%, 95% CI 29.6-48.5%) and Eastern Europeans (38.2%, 95% CI 25.4-52.3%). Using WC, 68.3% (95% CI 63.1-73.2%) of migrants had values suggestive of overweight or obesity. In the multivariate analyses, overweight and obesity were more frequent in migrants with older age, with a stable employment, and who had been present in Italy for a long time, as well as in those with CV diseases. Moreover, individuals with obesity needed more medications for the cardiovascular system and for the alimentary tract and metabolism.
In our sample of undocumented migrants, overweight and obesity were frequent, representing an important public health issue, considering the difficulty experienced by such individuals in finding access to both prevention and healthcare services.
肥胖现象不仅在中高收入国家持续增加，在低收入国家也呈上升趋势，越来越多来自这些国家的移民抵达西方国家。我们旨在调查无证移民样本中肥胖的发生率及特征，这是一个缺乏官方健康数据的人群。
我们收集了2023年3月至7月期间连续前往意大利米兰一家大型非政府组织门诊就诊的341名无证移民的人口统计学和社会经济数据，以及有关医学诊断和药物治疗的信息。为测量肥胖情况，我们同时使用了体重指数（BMI）和腰围（WC）。我们使用多元稳健泊松回归模型，根据社会人口学状况和其他风险因素计算超重或肥胖的患病率比（PRs）及95%置信区间（CIs）。
使用BMI计算，肥胖移民的比例为28.7%（95%CI为24.0 - 33.0%），超重移民占32.3%（95%CI为27.3 - 37.5%）。肥胖在亚洲移民中更为常见（53.9%，95%CI为37.2 - 69.9%），其次是拉丁裔（38.7%，95%CI为29.6 - 48.5%）和东欧人（38.2%，95%CI为25.4 - 52.3%）。使用WC计算，68.3%（95%CI为63.1 - 73.2%）的移民数值表明超重或肥胖。在多变量分析中，超重和肥胖在年龄较大、有稳定工作、在意大利居住时间较长的移民以及患有心血管疾病的移民中更为常见。此外，肥胖个体需要更多用于心血管系统以及消化道和新陈代谢方面的药物。
在我们的无证移民样本中，超重和肥胖现象普遍，鉴于这类人群在获得预防和医疗服务方面面临困难，这是一个重要的公共卫生问题。
