Brunet Johanne, Inouye David W, Wilson Rankin Erin E, Giannini Tereza C
Brunet Research, Madison, WI 53593, USA.
Vegetable Crops Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Ann Bot. 2025 Feb 8;135(1-2):89-104. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcae186.
The frequency and intensity of droughts are expected to increase under global change, driven by anthropogenic climate change and water diversion. Precipitation is expected to become more episodic under climate change, with longer and warmer dry spells, although some areas might become wetter. Diversion of freshwater from lakes and rivers and groundwater pumping for irrigation of agricultural fields are lowering water availability to wild plant populations, increasing the frequency and intensity of drought. Given the importance of seasonal changes and extremes in soil moisture to influence plant reproduction, and because the majority of plants are flowering plants and most of them depend on pollinators for seed production, this review focuses on the consequences of drought on different aspects of reproduction in animal-pollinated angiosperms, emphasizing interactions among drought, flowering and pollination.
Visual and olfactory traits play crucial roles in attracting pollinators. Drought-induced floral changes can influence pollinator attraction and visitation, together with pollinator networks and flowering phenology, with subsequent effects on plant reproduction. Here, we review how drought influences these different aspects of plant reproduction. We identify knowledge gaps and highlight areas that would benefit from additional research.
Visual and olfactory traits are affected by drought, but their phenotypic responses can vary with floral sex, plant sex, population and species. Ample phenotypic plasticity to drought exists for these traits, providing an ability for a rapid response to a change in drought frequency and intensity engendered by global change. The impact of these drought-induced changes in floral traits on pollinator attraction, pollen deposition and plant reproductive success does not show a clear pattern. Drought affects the structure of plant-pollinator networks and can modify plant phenology. The impact of drought on plant reproduction is not always negative, and we need to identify plant characteristics associated with these more positive responses.
在人为气候变化和水资源调配的驱动下，预计全球变化将使干旱的频率和强度增加。气候变化预计将使降水更加分散，干旱期更长、更炎热，尽管某些地区可能会变得更湿润。从湖泊、河流中调水以及抽取地下水用于农田灌溉，正降低野生植物种群可获得的水量，增加干旱的频率和强度。鉴于土壤湿度的季节性变化和极端情况对植物繁殖的重要性，并且由于大多数植物是开花植物，其中大多数依赖传粉者进行种子生产，本综述聚焦于干旱对动物传粉被子植物繁殖不同方面的影响，强调干旱、开花和传粉之间的相互作用。
视觉和嗅觉特征在吸引传粉者方面起着关键作用。干旱引起的花部变化会影响传粉者的吸引和访花行为，以及传粉者网络和开花物候，进而影响植物繁殖。在此，我们综述干旱如何影响植物繁殖的这些不同方面。我们识别知识空白，并突出那些将受益于更多研究的领域。
视觉和嗅觉特征受干旱影响，但其表型反应会因花的性别、植物性别、种群和物种而异。这些特征对干旱具有丰富的表型可塑性，使其能够对全球变化引起的干旱频率和强度变化做出快速反应。这些由干旱引起的花部特征变化对传粉者吸引、花粉沉积和植物繁殖成功的影响没有呈现出明确的模式。干旱会影响植物 - 传粉者网络的结构，并能改变植物物候。干旱对植物繁殖的影响并不总是负面的，我们需要识别与这些更积极反应相关的植物特征。
