Smith Mikaila Z, York Mary, Townsend Kile S, Martin Lynn M, Gull Tamara, Coghill Lyndon M, Ericsson Aaron C, Johnson Philip J
Veterinary Research Scholars Program (VRSP), University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
University of Missouri (MU) Bioinformatics and Analytics Core, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2025 Jan-Feb;39(1):e17276. doi: 10.1111/jvim.17276.
Whereas restoration of fecal consistency after treatment with clioquinol for chronic diarrhea and free fecal water syndrome has been attributed to its antiprotozoal properties, actions of clioquinol on the colonic bacterial microbiota have not been investigated.
Characterize the dynamics of fecal microbial diversity before, during, and after PO administration of clioquinol to healthy horses.
Experimental prospective cohort study using a single horse group.
Eight healthy adult horses received PO clioquinol (10 g, daily) for 7 days. Feces were obtained daily for 7 days before, during, and after conclusion of treatment, and again 3 months later. Libraries of 16S rRNA V4 region amplicons generated from fecal DNA were sequenced using the Illumina sequencing platform. Bioinformatic analysis was undertaken with QIIME2 and statistical analyses included analysis of variance (ANOVA) and permutational multivariate ANOVA (PERMANOVA).
The richness and composition of the fecal microbiome was altered after administration of clioquinol, reaching a maximum effect by the fifth day of administration. Changes included a 90% decrease in richness, and compensatory expansion of facultative anaerobes including Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. Multiple horses had Salmonella cultured from feces.
Limitations including lack of control group and modest sample size are obviated by robust longitudinal study design and strong effect size associated with drug exposure.
Clioquinol has broad-spectrum antibacterial effects on the fecal microbiome of horses, but spares certain bacterial families including several pathogens and pathobionts. Clioquinol should be used with caution in horses, in an environment free of contamination with fecal pathogens.
虽然氯碘羟喹治疗慢性腹泻和游离粪水综合征后粪便稠度的恢复归因于其抗原虫特性，但氯碘羟喹对结肠细菌微生物群的作用尚未得到研究。
描述健康马匹口服氯碘羟喹前、中、后粪便微生物多样性的动态变化。
使用单匹马组的实验性前瞻性队列研究。
8匹健康成年马每天口服氯碘羟喹（10克），持续7天。在治疗前、治疗期间和治疗结束后7天每天采集粪便，3个月后再次采集。使用Illumina测序平台对从粪便DNA生成的16S rRNA V4区域扩增子文库进行测序。使用QIIME2进行生物信息学分析，统计分析包括方差分析（ANOVA）和置换多元方差分析（PERMANOVA）。
口服氯碘羟喹后，粪便微生物组的丰富度和组成发生改变，在给药第5天达到最大效应。变化包括丰富度下降90%，兼性厌氧菌（包括链球菌科、肠球菌科和肠杆菌科）代偿性扩张。多匹马的粪便中培养出沙门氏菌。
通过强有力的纵向研究设计和与药物暴露相关的强效应量，克服了包括缺乏对照组和样本量较小在内的局限性。
氯碘羟喹对马的粪便微生物组具有广谱抗菌作用，但对某些细菌家族（包括几种病原体和致病共生菌）没有影响。在没有粪便病原体污染的环境中，应谨慎使用氯碘羟喹治疗马匹。
