Liu Hui, Chen Wen-Juan, Xu Zeling, Chen Shao-Fang, Song Haoran, Huang Yaohua, Bhatt Kalpana, Mishra Sandhya, Ghorab Mohamed A, Zhang Lian-Hui, Chen Shaohua
State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Environmental Technologies Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
Environ Int. 2025 Jan;195:109221. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109221. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
Extensive use of pyrethroid insecticides poses significant risks to both ecological ecosystems and human beings. Herein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 exhibited exceptional degradation capabilities towards a range of pyrethroid family insecticides including etofenprox, bifenthrin, tetramethrin, D-cypermethrin, allethrin, and permethrin, with a degradation efficiency reaching over 84 % within 36 h (50 mg·L). Strain PAO1 demonstrated effective soil bioremediation by removing etofenprox across different concentrations (25-100 mg·kg), with a degradation efficiency over 77 % within 15 days. Additionally, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that introduction of strain PAO1 and etofenprox had a notable impact on the soil microbial community. Strain PAO1 displayed a synergistic effect with local degrading bacteria or flora to degrade etofenprox. UPLC-MS/MS analysis identified 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl) propan-2-ol and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid as the major metabolites of etofenprox biodegradation. A new esterase gene (estA) containing conserved motif (GDSL) and catalytic triad (Ser38, Asp310 and His313) was cloned from strain PAO1. Enzyme activity and gene knockout experiments confirmed the pivotal role of estA in pyrethroid biodegradation. The findings from this study shed a new light on elucidating the degradation mechanism of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and present a useful agent for development of effective pyrethroid bioremediation strategies.
拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的广泛使用对生态系统和人类都构成了重大风险。在此，铜绿假单胞菌PAO1对包括乙氰菊酯、联苯菊酯、胺菊酯、氯氰菊酯、丙烯菊酯和氯菊酯在内的一系列拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂表现出卓越的降解能力，在36小时内（50毫克·升）降解效率达到84%以上。菌株PAO1通过去除不同浓度（25 - 100毫克·千克）的乙氰菊酯证明了有效的土壤生物修复作用，在15天内降解效率超过77%。此外，16S rDNA高通量测序分析表明，引入菌株PAO1和乙氰菊酯对土壤微生物群落有显著影响。菌株PAO1与当地降解细菌或菌群协同作用以降解乙氰菊酯。超高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱分析确定2-(4 - 乙氧基苯基)丙 - 2 - 醇和3 - 苯氧基苯甲酸为乙氰菊酯生物降解的主要代谢产物。从菌株PAO1中克隆出一个含有保守基序（GDSL）和催化三联体（Ser38、Asp310和His313）的新酯酶基因（estA）。酶活性和基因敲除实验证实了estA在拟除虫菊酯生物降解中的关键作用。本研究结果为阐明铜绿假单胞菌PAO1的降解机制提供了新线索，并为开发有效的拟除虫菊酯生物修复策略提供了一种有用的试剂。
