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与粒子沉降和行星际磁场相关的汞钠外层大气模式的遥感探测

Remote sensing of mercury sodium exospheric patterns in relation to particle precipitation and interplanetary magnetic field.

作者信息

Orsini Stefano, Mangano Valeria, Milillo Anna, Mura Alessandro, Aronica Alessandro, De Angelis Elisabetta, Kazakov Adrian, Massetti Stefano, Moroni Martina, Rispoli Rosanna, Sordini Roberto, Plainaki Christina, Leblanc Francois

机构信息

INAF, IAPS, 00133, Roma, Italy.

ASI, 00133, Roma, Italy.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):30728. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79022-w.

DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-79022-w
PMID:39730428
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11680966/
Abstract

The ground-based solar telescope THEMIS performed several observations of Mercury's sodium exosphere in years 2011-2013, when the MESSENGER spacecraft was orbiting around the planet. Typical two-peak exospheric patterns were frequently identified. In previous studies, some specific cases of THEMIS Na two-peak observations were characterized and related to IMF conditions, during specific extreme cases, in the occasion of CME arrival. The present study aims to perform a statistical analysis of Na two-peak emissions in nominal IMF conditions at Mercury, as measured by MESSEGER. The comparison between parameters of Na two-peak exospheric patterns (relative distances and intensities) versus the IMF intensity and Z-component is analysed, demonstrating, in average conditions, the existance of a direct relationship between Na peaks distance/intensity and IMF intensity. Moreover, only when IMF is very low, the shear angle seems to detrmine the occurrence of dayside reconnection when IMF-Z is negative (similarly to the Earth's case), whereas at higher IMF, it seems that reconnection may occur independently from shear angle. This study supports the idea that particle precipitation is a significant driver of the shaping of Na exosphere morphology, and that only when IMF intensity is particularly low, the dayside magnetospheric structure appears to be more similar to the Earth's configuration. These results allow to better understand the way the planet reacts to IMF conditions, thus providing interesting clues for the incoming BepiColombo measurement objectives.

摘要

地基太阳望远镜THEMIS在2011年至2013年期间对水星的钠外层大气进行了多次观测，当时信使号航天器正在绕水星轨道运行。典型的双峰外层大气模式经常被识别出来。在之前的研究中，对THEMIS钠双峰观测的一些特定案例进行了特征描述，并将其与特定极端情况下日冕物质抛射到达时的星际磁场条件相关联。本研究旨在对信使号测量的水星在标称星际磁场条件下的钠双峰发射进行统计分析。分析了钠双峰外层大气模式的参数（相对距离和强度）与星际磁场强度和Z分量之间的比较，结果表明，在平均条件下，钠峰距离/强度与星际磁场强度之间存在直接关系。此外，只有当星际磁场非常低时，当星际磁场Z分量为负时（类似于地球的情况），剪切角似乎才决定了日侧重联的发生，而在较高的星际磁场强度下，重联似乎可能独立于剪切角发生。这项研究支持了这样一种观点，即粒子沉降是钠外层大气形态形成的一个重要驱动因素，并且只有当星际磁场强度特别低时，日侧磁层结构似乎才更类似于地球的结构。这些结果有助于更好地理解水星对星际磁场条件的反应方式，从而为即将到来的贝皮科伦坡测量目标提供有趣的线索。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/558f/11680966/06aa747d3371/41598_2024_79022_Fig13_HTML.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/558f/11680966/57a727928c42/41598_2024_79022_Fig1_HTML.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/558f/11680966/4a0987315de5/41598_2024_79022_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/558f/11680966/ba260492c6ce/41598_2024_79022_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/558f/11680966/f6ea1035c2d9/41598_2024_79022_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/558f/11680966/2647e166815f/41598_2024_79022_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/558f/11680966/ab73e5ca2564/41598_2024_79022_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/558f/11680966/7d5a711a49e0/41598_2024_79022_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/558f/11680966/d58e2281c9cf/41598_2024_79022_Fig10_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/558f/11680966/c423b2d39201/41598_2024_79022_Fig11_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/558f/11680966/93d9ebe26bd3/41598_2024_79022_Fig12_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/558f/11680966/06aa747d3371/41598_2024_79022_Fig13_HTML.jpg

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本文引用的文献

1
MESSENGER Observations of Planetary Ion Enhancements at Mercury's Northern Magnetospheric Cusp During Flux Transfer Event Showers.信使号对通量传输事件阵雨期间水星北磁层尖顶处行星离子增强的观测。
J Geophys Res Space Phys. 2022 Apr;127(4):e2022JA030280. doi: 10.1029/2022JA030280. Epub 2022 Apr 15.
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Photoionization Loss of Mercury's Sodium Exosphere: Seasonal Observations by MESSENGER and the THEMIS Telescope.水星钠逸散层的光电离损失：信使号和THEMIS望远镜的季节性观测
Geophys Res Lett. 2021 Apr 28;48(8):e2021GL092980. doi: 10.1029/2021GL092980.
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A Cold-Pole Enhancement in Mercury's Sodium Exosphere.
水星钠逸散层中的冷极增强现象。
Geophys Res Lett. 2016 Nov 16;43(21):12111-11128. doi: 10.1002/2016GL071071. Epub 2016 Oct 23.
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Mercury sodium exospheric emission as a proxy for solar perturbations transit.汞钠外逸层发射作为太阳扰动过境的代理指标。
Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 17;8(1):928. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19163-x.
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Mercury's magnetosphere after MESSENGER's first flyby.信使号首次飞越后水星的磁层。
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