Cao Zenghan, Gao Jianhang, Wu Jianqiang, Zheng Yuehong
Department of Vascular Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
Institute of Clinical Medicine National Infrastructure for Translational Medicine Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
Cardiovasc Ther. 2024 Jul 29;2024:7288798. doi: 10.1155/2024/7288798. eCollection 2024.
The COVID-19 virus not only has significant pathogenicity but also influences the progression of many diseases, altering patient prognosis. Cardiovascular diseases, particularly aortic aneurysms, are among the most life-threatening conditions. COVID-19 infection is reported to accelerate the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and increase the risk of rupture; however, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. This article primarily reviews the relevant foundational research, focusing on disruptions in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), immune system activation, and coagulation disorders. Furthermore, we summarize related clinical research, including the epidemiology of aortic aneurysms during the pandemic and specific case studies. COVID-19 infection can influence the onset and progression of aortic aneurysms by affecting the RAAS, triggering inflammation and immune dysregulation in the arterial wall, and inducing a hypercoagulation state. It is crucial to comprehensively understand the impact of pandemic viral infections on aortic diseases at the foundational and clinical levels, thereby identifying potential preventative or therapeutic approaches and preparing for potential future outbreaks.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）病毒不仅具有显著的致病性，还会影响多种疾病的进展，改变患者的预后。心血管疾病，尤其是主动脉瘤，是最危及生命的疾病之一。据报道，COVID-19感染会加速腹主动脉瘤（AAA）的进展并增加破裂风险；然而，对其潜在机制的全面了解仍然不足。本文主要回顾相关基础研究，重点关注肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）的紊乱、免疫系统激活和凝血障碍。此外，我们总结了相关临床研究，包括疫情期间主动脉瘤的流行病学和具体病例研究。COVID-19感染可通过影响RAAS、引发动脉壁炎症和免疫失调以及诱导高凝状态来影响主动脉瘤的发生和进展。在基础和临床层面全面了解大流行病毒感染对主动脉疾病的影响至关重要，从而确定潜在的预防或治疗方法，并为未来可能的疫情爆发做好准备。
