Fantahun Abera, Lemma Tesfaye Mebrate, Tesfay Fikrey, Getahun Yitea Seneshaw
Gishe Rabel District Office of Agriculture, North Shewa Zone, Debre Brihan, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia.
Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2024 Dec 23;2024:2679180. doi: 10.1155/tswj/2679180. eCollection 2024.
This study investigates the effects of physical and chemical soil degradation on crop productivity in the Watershed. The watershed was categorized into level, sloping, and steep slope gradients. Within each slope gradient, one cultivated land managed with soil and water conservation and one cultivated land without soil and water conservation were selected. Selected soil physicochemical analyses were performed on 18 disturbed and undisturbed soil samples and were taken from the top 0-20 cm depths from each cultivated land with three replications. The soil degradation index (SDI) was evaluated based on the percent changes in soil properties of cultivated land without soil and water conservation to that of the cultivated land managed with soil and water conservation. The crop productivity index was determined by analyzing the percentage growth rate and its standard deviation. Soil bulk density and moisture content improved undercultivated land managed with SWC practices. Significantly higher ( ≤ 0.05) soil organic carbon (SOC) content (2.02%), total N (0.12%), available P (4.69 ppm), and exchangeable K (1.33 cmolc/kg) were observed in cultivated land managed with SWC as compared to cultivated land without SWC measures. The value of the SDI (+243.9%) for the watershed has demonstrated that soil degradation has improved and soil and water conservation measures had a significant impact on crop yields. The average crop yield rate (CYR) (30%) was found to be lower than the estimate provided by the central statistics agency in Ethiopia. A higher CYR was observed in cultivated land managed with soil and water conservation practices. It can be concluded that physical and chemical soil degradation significantly impacts crops unless counterbalanced by soil and water conservation measures. Therefore, it is recommended to implement well-integrated watershed management practices to improve soil quality and enhance crop productivity.
本研究调查了流域内土壤物理和化学退化对作物生产力的影响。该流域被划分为平地、坡地和陡坡梯度。在每个坡度梯度内，选择一块采用水土保持措施管理的耕地和一块未采用水土保持措施的耕地。对18个扰动和未扰动的土壤样本进行了选定的土壤理化分析，这些样本取自每个耕地0 - 20厘米深度的表层，重复三次。土壤退化指数（SDI）是根据未采用水土保持措施的耕地与采用水土保持措施管理的耕地土壤性质的百分比变化来评估的。作物生产力指数通过分析百分比增长率及其标准差来确定。采用水土保持措施管理的耕地下土壤容重和含水量有所改善。与未采取水土保持措施的耕地相比，采用水土保持措施管理的耕地土壤有机碳（SOC）含量（2.02%）、全氮（0.12%）、有效磷（4.69 ppm）和交换性钾（1.33 cmolc/kg）显著更高（≤0.05）。该流域的SDI值（+243.9%）表明土壤退化状况有所改善，水土保持措施对作物产量有显著影响。发现平均作物产量率（CYR）（30%）低于埃塞俄比亚中央统计局提供的估计值。在采用水土保持措施管理的耕地上观察到更高的CYR。可以得出结论，除非通过水土保持措施加以平衡，土壤物理和化学退化会对作物产生重大影响。因此，建议实施综合良好的流域管理措施，以改善土壤质量并提高作物生产力。
