Domnariu Horia, Trippe Kristin M, Botez Florina, Partal Elena, Postolache Carmen
Department of Systems Ecology and Sustainability, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Soil Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Environment - ICPA Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 3;15(1):642. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84590-y.
As conservation agricultural practices continue to spread, there is a need to understand how reduced tillage impacts soil microbes. Effects of no till (NT) and disk till (DT) relative to moldboard plow (MP) were investigated in a long-term experiment established on Chernozem. Results showed that conservation practices, especially NT, increased total, active and microbial biomass carbon. The effects on diversity measured through amplicon sequencing were greater for prokaryotes than for fungi. NT increased prokaryotic richness at both the lower and the higher taxonomic level, while for both microbial groups it tended to decrease Shannon index at the higher taxonomic level. No differences were observed between DT and MP. Conversely, tillage intensity induced a clear separation of both prokaryotic and fungal communities among all three practices. Comparing abundance of ecologically meaningful groups revealed more abundant saprotrophic fungi in MP and differences in the bacterial groups involved in the N cycle. Differential analysis showed relatively similar numbers of plant growth promoting prokaryotic taxa. However, it also revealed higher numbers of pathogenic fungal taxa that are enriched in NT. Overall, our findings illustrate that tillage changes the structure of both prokaryotic and fungal communities, including distribution of functional groups, without necessarily changing diversity.
随着保护性农业实践的不断推广，有必要了解少耕如何影响土壤微生物。在一项建立在黑钙土上的长期实验中，研究了免耕（NT）和圆盘耙耕（DT）相对于铧式犁（MP）的效果。结果表明，保护性措施，尤其是免耕，增加了总碳、活性碳和微生物生物量碳。通过扩增子测序测量的对多样性的影响，原核生物比真菌更大。免耕在较低和较高分类水平上均增加了原核生物的丰富度，而对于这两个微生物群体，在较高分类水平上它往往会降低香农指数。圆盘耙耕和铧式犁之间未观察到差异。相反，耕作强度导致在所有三种耕作方式中原核生物和真菌群落都明显分离。比较具有生态意义的类群的丰度发现，铧式犁中有更丰富的腐生真菌，并且参与氮循环的细菌类群存在差异。差异分析表明，促进植物生长的原核生物类群数量相对相似。然而，它也揭示了免耕中富集的致病真菌类群数量更多。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，耕作改变了原核生物和真菌群落的结构，包括功能组的分布，但不一定改变多样性。
