Microbial adsorption is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly remediation method for heavy metal pollution. The adsorption mechanism of cadmium (Cd) by bacteria inhabiting extreme environments is largely unexplored. This study describes the biosorption of Cd by sp. M1-B02, which was isolated from the moraine on the north slope of Mount Everest and has a good potential for biosorption. The difference in Cd adsorption of the strain after UV irradiation stimulation indicated that the adsorption reached 68.90% in 24 h, but the adsorption after UV irradiation increased to 80.56%. The genome of strain M1-B02 contained antioxidant genes such as , , , and heavy metal repair genes such as RS14805, , . Hydroxyl, nitro, and etceteras bonds on the bacterial surface were involved in Cd adsorption through complexation reactions. The metabolites of the strains were significantly different after 24 h of Cd stress, with pyocyanin, L-proline, hypoxanthine, etc., being downregulated and presumably involved in Cd biosorption and upregulated after UV-C irradiation, which may explain the increase in Cd adsorption capacity of the strain after UV-C irradiation, while the strain improved the metabolism of the antioxidant metabolite carnosine, indirectly increasing the adsorption capacity of the strains for Cd.