Avril Arnaud, Guillier Sophie, Rasetti-Escargueil Christine
Unité Interaction Hôte-Pathogène, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
Unité Bactériologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
Microorganisms. 2024 Dec 18;12(12):2622. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122622.
The COVID-19 and mpox crisis has reminded the world of the potentially catastrophic consequences of biological agents. Aside from the natural risk, biological agents can also be weaponized or used for bioterrorism. Dissemination in a population or among livestock could be used to destabilize a nation by creating a climate of terror, by negatively impacting the economy and undermining institutions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classify biological agents into three categories (A or Tier 1, B and C) according to the risk they pose to the public and national security. Category A or Tier 1 consists of the six pathogens with the highest risk to the population (, , , botulinum neurotoxins, smallpox and viral hemorrhagic fevers). Several medical countermeasures, such as vaccines, antibodies and chemical drugs, have been developed to prevent or cure the diseases induced by these pathogens. This review presents an overview of the primary medical countermeasures, and in particular, of the antibodies available against the six pathogens on the CDC's Tier 1 agents list, as well as against ricin.
新冠疫情和猴痘危机让全世界意识到生物制剂可能带来的灾难性后果。除了自然风险外，生物制剂还可能被武器化或用于生物恐怖主义。在人群或牲畜中传播生物制剂，可能会制造恐怖气氛、对经济产生负面影响并破坏机构稳定，从而使一个国家陷入动荡。美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）根据生物制剂对公众和国家安全构成的风险，将其分为三类（A类或1级、B类和C类）。A类或1级包括对人群风险最高的六种病原体（炭疽杆菌、肉毒杆菌神经毒素、鼠疫杆菌、天花病毒和病毒性出血热病毒）。为预防或治疗这些病原体引发的疾病，人们已研发出多种医学应对措施，如疫苗、抗体和化学药物。本综述概述了主要的医学应对措施，特别是针对美国疾病控制与预防中心1级制剂清单上六种病原体以及蓖麻毒素的可用抗体。
