Quach Tom C, Miglis Mitchell G, Tian Lu, Bonilla Hector, Yang Phillip C, Grossman Lauren, Paleru Amogha, Xin Vincent, Tiwari Anushri, Shafer Robert W, Geng Linda N
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Dec 18;12(12):1427. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121427.
COVID-19 vaccinations reduce the severity and number of symptoms for acute SARS-CoV-2 infections and may reduce the risk of developing Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Limited and heterogenous data exist on how these vaccinations received after COVID-19 infection might impact the symptoms and trajectory of PASC, once persistent symptoms have developed.
We investigated the association of post-COVID-19 vaccination with any SARS-CoV-2 vaccine(s) on PASC symptoms in two independent cohorts: a retrospective chart review of self-reported data from patients ( = 128) with PASC seen in the Stanford PASC Clinic between May 2021 and May 2022 and a 2023 multinational survey assessment of individuals with PASC ( = 484).
Within the PASC Clinic patient cohort ( = 128), 58.6% ( = 75) were female, and 41.4% ( = 53) were male; 50% ( = 64) were white, and 38.3% ( = 49) were non-white. A total of 60.2% ( = 77) of PASC Clinic patients reported no change in their PASC symptoms after vaccination, 17.2% ( = 22) reported improved symptoms, and 22.7% ( = 29) reported worsened symptoms. In the multinational survey cohort ( = 484), 380 were from the U.S., and 104 were from outside the U.S.; 88.4% ( = 428) were female, and 11.6% ( = 56) were male; and 88.8% ( = 430) were white, and 11.2% ( = 54) were non-white. The distribution of survey self-reported vaccine effects on PASC symptoms was 20.2% worsened ( = 98), 60.5% no effect ( = 293), and 19.2% improved ( = 93). In both cohorts, demographic features, including age, sex, and race/ethnicity, were not significantly associated with post-vaccination PASC symptom changes. There was also a non-significant difference in the median dates of COVID-19 infection among the different outcomes. BMI was significant for symptom improvement ( = 0.026) in the PASC Clinic cohort, while a history of booster doses was significant for symptom improvement ( < 0.001) in the survey cohort.
Most individuals with PASC did not report significant changes in their overall PASC symptoms following COVID-19 vaccinations received after PASC onset. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between COVID-19 vaccinations and PASC.
新冠病毒疫苗接种可减轻急性严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染的症状严重程度和症状数量，并可能降低患长期新冠（也称为SARS-CoV-2急性后遗症，PASC）的风险。关于新冠病毒感染后接种这些疫苗对PASC症状及病程的影响，现有数据有限且参差不齐，而此时持续性症状已经出现。
我们在两个独立队列中研究了新冠病毒感染后接种任何SARS-CoV-2疫苗与PASC症状之间的关联：一是对2021年5月至2022年5月期间在斯坦福PASC诊所就诊的PASC患者（n = 128）的自我报告数据进行回顾性图表审查，二是对2023年PASC个体进行的多国调查评估（n = 484）。
在PASC诊所患者队列（n = 128）中，58.6%（n = 75）为女性，41.4%（n = 53）为男性；50%（n = 64）为白人，38.3%（n = 49）为非白人。PASC诊所的患者中，共有60.2%（n = 77）报告接种疫苗后PASC症状无变化，17.2%（n = 22）报告症状改善，22.7%（n = 29）报告症状恶化。在多国调查队列（n = 484）中，380人来自美国，1(4人来自美国境外；88.4%（n = 428）为女性，11.6%（n = 56）为男性；88.8%（n = 430）为白人，11.2%（n = 54）为非白人。调查中自我报告的疫苗对PASC症状影响的分布情况为：20.2%恶化（n = 98），60.5%无影响（n = 293），19.2%改善（n = 93）。在两个队列中，年龄、性别和种族/民族等人口统计学特征与接种疫苗后PASC症状变化均无显著关联。不同结果之间新冠病毒感染的中位日期也无显著差异。在PASC诊所队列中，体重指数对症状改善有显著影响（P = 0.026），而在调查队列中，加强针接种史对症状改善有显著影响（P < 0.001）。
大多数PASC个体在PASC发病后接种新冠病毒疫苗后，其总体PASC症状未报告有显著变化。需要进一步研究以更好地理解新冠病毒疫苗接种与PASC之间的关系。
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