Haro-Hernandez Elisheba, Perez-Carpena Patricia, Di Berardino Federica, Lopez-Escamez Jose Antonio
Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain.
Ear Hear. 2025;46(4):899-908. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001632. Epub 2024 Dec 31.
To estimate the prevalence of tinnitus and hyperacusis in patients with vestibular migraine (VM), and to define the association with hearing loss, anxiety, and depression.
A cross-sectional, multicenter study including 51 adult patients with definite or probable VM, defined according to the Barany Society diagnostic criteria. Audiological examinations were performed by pure tones extended to high frequencies to assess hearing thresholds. Psychoacoustic (pitch, masking level, and residual inhibition) and psychometric assessment of tinnitus was performed in all patients that reported tinnitus with the following questionnaires: Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Hypersensitivity to Sound Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. Correlation and regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between THI scores hyperacusis, anxiety, and depression in patients with VM.
Forty-five of 50 VM patients (90%) were females; 38 out of 50 (75%) patients reported tinnitus. In our series, the most common frequency (pitch) for tinnitus was 8000 Hz. Tinnitus was not associated with hearing loss in patients with VM and the hearing thresholds were similar in VM patients with or without tinnitus. Hyperacusis was reported in 35 (60%) individuals, and in patients with tinnitus, the THI scores were associated with higher scores in Hypersensitivity to Sound Questionnaire, and anxiety and depression subscales of Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. There were differences in the distribution of hearing loss in patients with hyperacusis, however both groups did not exceed the normal hearing threshold (17.18 ± 13.43 patients with hyperacusis and 11.66 ± 5.41, p = 0.023 in patients without hyperacusis).
Tinnitus is a common symptom in patients with VM and it is not related to hearing loss in the standard audiogram. Hyperacusis was associated with tinnitus, anxiety, and depression, but it was not associated with hearing thresholds.
评估前庭性偏头痛（VM）患者中耳鸣和听觉过敏的患病率，并明确其与听力损失、焦虑和抑郁之间的关联。
一项横断面多中心研究，纳入51例根据巴拉尼协会诊断标准确诊或可能患有VM的成年患者。通过扩展至高频的纯音进行听力学检查，以评估听力阈值。对所有报告有耳鸣的患者，使用以下问卷进行耳鸣的心理声学（音高、掩蔽水平和残余抑制）和心理测量评估：耳鸣致残量表（THI）、声音超敏问卷和医院焦虑抑郁量表。采用相关分析和回归分析评估VM患者中THI评分与听觉过敏、焦虑和抑郁之间的关系。
50例VM患者中有45例（90%）为女性；50例患者中有38例（75%）报告有耳鸣。在我们的研究系列中，耳鸣最常见的频率（音高）为8000Hz。VM患者的耳鸣与听力损失无关，有耳鸣和无耳鸣的VM患者听力阈值相似。35例（60%）个体报告有听觉过敏，在有耳鸣的患者中，THI评分与声音超敏问卷、医院焦虑抑郁量表的焦虑和抑郁分量表得分较高相关。有听觉过敏的患者听力损失分布存在差异，但两组均未超过正常听力阈值（有听觉过敏的患者为17.18±13.43，无听觉过敏的患者为11.66±5.41，p = 0.023）。
耳鸣是VM患者的常见症状，且与标准听力图中的听力损失无关。听觉过敏与耳鸣、焦虑和抑郁相关，但与听力阈值无关。
