Vallejos Parás Alfonso, Arriaga Nieto Lumumba, Cabrera Gaytán David Alejandro, Cacho Díaz Bernardo, Jaimes Betancourt Leticia, Hernández Bautista Porfirio Felipe, Cruz Orozco Oscar, Valle Alvarado Gabriel, Moctezuma Paz Alejandro, Rivera Mahey Mónica Grisel
Epidemiologic Surveillance Coordination, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.
Quality of Supplies and Specialized Laboratories Coordination, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 8;20(1):e0313691. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313691. eCollection 2025.
The 2022 mpox outbreak marked a significant shift in the epidemiology of this zoonotic disease, traditionally confined to Central and West Africa. With over 80 countries reporting cases, this outbreak was characterized by a rapid spread in non-endemic regions, leading to more than 70,000 confirmed cases globally.
To quantify the cumulative incidence of mpox and identify associated factors of mpox among the Mexican population affiliated by the Mexican Social Security Institute during the 2022-2023 outbreak.
A retrospective observational study using a cross-sectional survey to assess the cumulative incidence and factors associated with mpox. The cumulative incidence of laboratory confirmed mpox cases was calculated by dividing the number of confirmed cases by the insured population in the Mexican Social Security Institute as of mid-2022, per 100,000 individuals, this was analyzed by sex, age group, sexual orientation and people living with HIV. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with mpox infection.
A total of 2,956 probable cases were reported, with 1,744 (59%) laboratory-confirmed mpox cases. Most confirmed cases were male, with a median age of 32 years. The overall cumulative incidence was 4.05 per 100,000 persons, significantly higher in men and men who have sex with men. Logistic regression revealed that male sex was significantly associated with higher odds of laboratory-confirmed mpox. Age groups 30-34, 35-39, and 40-44 had an elevated risk of infection. Men who have sex with men showed a substantially increased likelihood of mpox, while individuals living with HIV were at higher risk compared to those without HIV. Key clinical predictors included fever, arm rash, and inguinal lymphadenopathy.
The 2022 mpox outbreak revealed significant disparities in infection risk, particularly among men, men who have sex with men, and individuals living with HIV.
2022年猴痘疫情标志着这种人畜共患病的流行病学发生了重大转变，该病传统上局限于中非和西非地区。超过80个国家报告了病例，此次疫情的特点是在非流行地区迅速传播，导致全球确诊病例超过7万例。
量化2022 - 2023年猴痘疫情期间，墨西哥社会保障机构附属人群中猴痘的累积发病率，并确定猴痘的相关因素。
采用回顾性观察研究，通过横断面调查评估猴痘的累积发病率及相关因素。实验室确诊的猴痘病例累积发病率通过将确诊病例数除以截至2022年年中墨西哥社会保障机构的参保人口数计算得出，每10万人计算一次，并按性别、年龄组、性取向和艾滋病毒感染者进行分析。进行逻辑回归分析以确定与猴痘感染相关的社会人口学和临床因素。
共报告2956例疑似病例，其中1744例（59%）为实验室确诊的猴痘病例。大多数确诊病例为男性，中位年龄为32岁。总体累积发病率为每10万人4.05例，男性和男男性行为者的发病率显著更高。逻辑回归显示，男性与实验室确诊猴痘的较高几率显著相关。30 - 34岁、35 - 39岁和40 - 44岁年龄组的感染风险较高。男男性行为者感染猴痘的可能性大幅增加，而艾滋病毒感染者比未感染艾滋病毒者的风险更高。关键临床预测因素包括发热、手臂皮疹和腹股沟淋巴结病。
2022年猴痘疫情揭示了感染风险存在显著差异，尤其是在男性、男男性行为者和艾滋病毒感染者中。
