Wang Xiaoni, Nie Jingli, Lu Yuchen, Zhang Haoyu, Zhang Jianbao
The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2025 Mar;50(1):107-122. doi: 10.1007/s10484-024-09683-w. Epub 2025 Jan 7.
Resonance frequency (RF) is characterized as the specific frequency at which a system, equipped with delayed self-correction or negative feedback mechanisms, exhibits maximal amplitude oscillations in response to an external stimulus of a particular frequency. Emerging evidence suggests that the cardiovascular system has an inherent RF, and that breathing at this frequency can markedly enhance health and cardiovascular function. However, the efficacy of resonance frequency breathing (RFB) and the specific responses of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems during RFB remain unclear. In this study, we recruited 27 healthy young male subjects (aged 20-30 years) and used the corrected sliding method to accurately determine each subject's RF. We then investigated cardiovascular activity, cardiorespiratory coupling, and the brain-cardiovascular network to clarify the effects and mechanisms associated with RFB. Our results indicate that: (a) the corrected sliding method can precisely evaluate RF; (b) the reduction in blood pressure is unique to RFB and not observed in other slow-paced breathing patterns (RF + 1 and 6 breaths per minute), which we attribute to the α-wave and parasympathetic-BRS pathway; (c) during slow-paced breathing, cardiorespiratory coupling predominantly favors the respiration-to-heart direction, with the RF stage eliciting the most significant response, while brain-cardiopulmonary information transfer increases across all tasks. These findings offer valuable insights into the impact of RFB on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems, potentially laying the groundwork for future research to optimize respiratory training protocols and improve health outcomes.
共振频率（RF）的特征是，配备延迟自我校正或负反馈机制的系统在特定频率的外部刺激下表现出最大振幅振荡的特定频率。新出现的证据表明，心血管系统具有固有共振频率，以该频率呼吸可显著增强健康和心血管功能。然而，共振频率呼吸（RFB）的功效以及RFB期间心血管、呼吸和中枢神经系统的具体反应仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们招募了27名健康年轻男性受试者（年龄20 - 30岁），并使用校正滑动法准确确定每个受试者的共振频率。然后，我们研究了心血管活动、心肺耦合和脑 - 心血管网络，以阐明与RFB相关的影响和机制。我们的结果表明：（a）校正滑动法可以精确评估共振频率；（b）血压降低是RFB特有的，在其他慢节奏呼吸模式（每分钟共振频率 + 1次和6次呼吸）中未观察到，我们将其归因于α波和副交感神经 - BRS途径；（c）在慢节奏呼吸期间，心肺耦合主要有利于呼吸到心脏的方向，共振频率阶段引发最显著的反应，而在所有任务中脑 - 心肺信息传递增加。这些发现为RFB对心血管、呼吸和中枢神经系统的影响提供了有价值的见解，可能为未来优化呼吸训练方案和改善健康结果的研究奠定基础。
