Arakawa T, Timasheff S N
Biophys J. 1985 Mar;47(3):411-4. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(85)83932-1.
The preferential interactions of lysozyme with solvent components and the effects of solvent additives on its stability were examined for several neutral osmolytes: L-proline, L-serine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, sarcosine, taurine, alpha-alanine, beta-alanine, glycine, betaine, and trimethylamine N-oxide. It was shown that all these substances stabilize the protein structure against thermal denaturation and (except for trimethylamine N-oxide for which interaction measurements could not be made) are strongly excluded from the protein domain, rendering unlikely their direct binding to proteins. On the other hand, valine, not known as an osmolyte, had no stabilizing effect, although it induced a large protein-preferential hydration. A possible explanation is given for the use of these substances as osmotic-pressure-regulating agents in organisms living under high osmotic pressure.
研究了溶菌酶与溶剂成分的优先相互作用以及溶剂添加剂对其稳定性的影响，涉及几种中性渗透溶质：L-脯氨酸、L-丝氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、肌氨酸、牛磺酸、α-丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、甘氨酸、甜菜碱和三甲胺N-氧化物。结果表明，所有这些物质都能稳定蛋白质结构以抵抗热变性，并且（除了无法进行相互作用测量的三甲胺N-氧化物外）都被强烈排除在蛋白质结构域之外，不太可能直接与蛋白质结合。另一方面，缬氨酸并非已知的渗透溶质，尽管它会诱导大量的蛋白质优先水化，但没有稳定作用。对于这些物质在高渗透压环境下生存的生物体中作为渗透压调节剂的用途给出了一种可能的解释。
