Samandra Ranshikha, Rosa Marcello G P, Mansouri Farshad A
Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Am J Primatol. 2025 Jan;87(1):e23717. doi: 10.1002/ajp.23717.
Socio-dynamic situations require a balance between response execution and action inhibition. Nonadaptive imbalance between response inhibition and execution exists in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychological disorders. To investigate the underlying neural mechanisms of cognitive control and the related deficits, comparative studies in human and nonhuman primates are crucial. Previous stop-signal tasks in humans and macaque monkeys have examined response execution (response time (RT) and accuracy in Go trials) and action inhibition (stop-signal reaction time (SSRT)). Even though marmosets are generally considered suitable translational animal models for research on social and cognitive deficits, their ability to inhibit behavior remains poorly characterized. We developed a marmoset stop-signal task, in which RT could be measured at millisecond resolution. All four marmosets performed many repeated Go trials with high accuracy (≥ 70%). Additionally, all marmosets successfully performed Stop trials. Using a performance-dependent tracking procedure, the accuracy in Stop trials was maintained around 50%, which enabled reliable SSRT estimates in marmosets for the first time. The mean SSRT values across sessions ranged between 677 and 1464 ms across the four marmosets. We also validated the suitability and practicality of this novel task for examining executive functions by testing the effects of a natural hormone, oxytocin, on response execution and action inhibition in marmosets. This marmoset model, for reliable (millisecond resolution) assessment of the balance between response execution and inhibition, will further facilitate studying the developmental alterations in inhibition ability and examining the effects of various contextual and environmental factors on marmosets' executive functions.
社会动态情境要求在反应执行和行动抑制之间保持平衡。反应抑制与执行之间的非适应性失衡存在于神经发育和神经心理障碍中。为了研究认知控制的潜在神经机制及相关缺陷，在人类和非人类灵长类动物中进行比较研究至关重要。此前在人类和猕猴中开展的停止信号任务已对反应执行（Go试验中的反应时间（RT）和准确性）和行动抑制（停止信号反应时间（SSRT））进行了检测。尽管狨猴通常被认为是研究社会和认知缺陷的合适转化动物模型，但其抑制行为的能力仍未得到充分表征。我们开发了一种狨猴停止信号任务，其中RT可以以毫秒分辨率进行测量。所有四只狨猴都进行了许多重复的Go试验，准确率很高（≥70%）。此外，所有狨猴都成功完成了停止试验。使用依赖表现的跟踪程序，停止试验的准确率保持在50%左右，这首次使在狨猴中可靠地估计SSRT成为可能。在四只狨猴中，各实验环节的平均SSRT值在677至1464毫秒之间。我们还通过测试天然激素催产素对狨猴反应执行和行动抑制的影响，验证了这项新任务在检查执行功能方面的适用性和实用性。这种狨猴模型能够可靠地（毫秒分辨率）评估反应执行与抑制之间的平衡，将进一步有助于研究抑制能力的发育变化，并考察各种情境和环境因素对狨猴执行功能的影响。
