Chauhan Rishav, Patil Vijayalaxmi
Pathology, BLDE (Deemed to be University) Shri B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 10;16(12):e75479. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75479. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Background Breast carcinoma cases are rising steadily and represent a major cause of mortality and morbidity in India. In response to breast carcinoma, the immune system is activated, resulting in lymphocyte infiltration in and around the tumor nests. This interaction between the tumor and immune system is the basis for studying tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Despite studies on TILs in breast carcinoma, the role of CD3+TILs in predicting patient outcomes remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate TILs in breast carcinoma tissues by analyzing CD3 expression through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and examining its association with various prognostic factors, such as histological grade, clinical stage, lymph node status, and hormone receptor status. Methods A study was conducted on 45 breast carcinoma cases, documenting various clinicopathological parameters. IHC staining was performed for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor (HER2-neu), and CD3 markers on tissue samples. Both intra-tumoral and stromal CD3 TILs were quantified and analyzed in relation to clinicopathological prognostic factors. Results In all 45 breast carcinoma cases, intra-tumoral and stromal CD3 expression was assessed. High stromal CD3 expression is documented in the triple-negative breast tumor. CD3 intra-tumoral expression correlated significantly with tumor size (p < 0.035), ER status (p < 0.036), and PR status (p < 0.036). CD3 stromal expression showed no correlation with any of the prognostic parameters. Conclusion The current study found a strong correlation between CD3 intra-tumoral expression with tumor size, ER and PR status. The findings imply that CD3 may be a significant factor in breast carcinoma prognosis. There were more stromal CD3 TILs in triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) cases. TILs ought to be examined for their capacity as novel prognostic and predictive indicators, especially in cases of invasive breast cancer, such as triple-negative breast carcinoma.
乳腺癌病例在印度正稳步上升，是导致死亡和发病的主要原因。针对乳腺癌，免疫系统被激活，导致肿瘤巢内及周围出现淋巴细胞浸润。肿瘤与免疫系统之间的这种相互作用是研究肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TILs）的基础。尽管对乳腺癌中的TILs进行了研究，但CD3+TILs在预测患者预后方面的作用仍未得到充分探索。本研究旨在通过免疫组织化学（IHC）分析CD3表达来评估乳腺癌组织中的TILs，并研究其与各种预后因素的关联，如组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴结状态和激素受体状态。
对45例乳腺癌病例进行研究，记录各种临床病理参数。对组织样本进行雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、人表皮生长因子（HER2-neu）和CD3标志物的IHC染色。对肿瘤内和基质中的CD3 TILs进行定量分析，并与临床病理预后因素相关联。
在所有45例乳腺癌病例中，评估了肿瘤内和基质中的CD3表达。三阴乳腺癌中记录到基质CD3高表达。肿瘤内CD3表达与肿瘤大小（p < 0.035）、ER状态（p < 0.036）和PR状态（p < 0.036）显著相关。基质CD3表达与任何预后参数均无相关性。
本研究发现肿瘤内CD3表达与肿瘤大小、ER和PR状态之间存在密切关联。研究结果表明，CD3可能是乳腺癌预后的一个重要因素。三阴乳腺癌（TNBC）病例中的基质CD3 TILs更多。应检查TILs作为新的预后和预测指标的能力，特别是在浸润性乳腺癌病例中，如三阴乳腺癌。
