Zheng Zenghui, Yu Dongmei, Wang Haoyu, Wu Hao, Tang Zhen, Wu Qi, Cao Pengfei, Chen Zhiyuan, Huang Hai, Li Xiaokang, Liu Chaozong, Guo Zheng
Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, People's Republic of China.
School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi 'an 710021, People's Republic of China.
Biofabrication. 2025 Feb 12;17(2). doi: 10.1088/1758-5090/ada8e1.
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, an additive manufacturing technology, fabricates biomimetic tissues that possess natural structure and function. It involves precise deposition of bioinks, including cells, and bioactive factors, on basis of computer-aided 3D models. Articular cartilage injuries, a common orthopedic issue. Current repair methods, for instance microfracture procedure (MF), autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and osteochondral autologous transfer surgery have been applied in clinical practice. However, each procedure has inherent limitation. For instance, MF surgery associates with increased subchondral cyst formation and brittle subchondral bone. ACI procedure involves two surgeries, and associate with potential risks infection and delamination of the regenerated cartilage. In addition, chondrocyte implantation's efficacy depends on the patient's weight, joint pathology, gender-related histological changes of cartilage, and hormonal influences that affect treatment and prognosis. So far, it is a still a grand challenge for achieving a clinical satisfactory in repairing and regeneration of cartilage defects using conditional strategies. 3D biofabrication provide a potential to fabricate biomimetic articular cartilage construct that has shown promise in specific cartilage repair and regeneration of patients. This review reported the techniques of 3D bioprinting applied for cartilage repair, and analyzed their respective merits and demerits, and limitations in clinical application. A summary of commonly used bioinks has been provided, along with an outlook on the challenges and prospects faced by 3D bioprinting in the application of cartilage tissue repair. It provided an overall review of current development and promising application of 3D biofabrication technology in articular cartilage repair.
三维（3D）生物打印是一种增材制造技术，可制造具有天然结构和功能的仿生组织。它涉及根据计算机辅助3D模型精确沉积生物墨水，包括细胞和生物活性因子。关节软骨损伤是一种常见的骨科问题。目前的修复方法，如微骨折手术（MF）、自体软骨细胞植入（ACI）和骨软骨自体移植手术已应用于临床实践。然而，每个手术都有其固有的局限性。例如，MF手术与软骨下囊肿形成增加和软骨下骨变脆有关。ACI手术需要进行两次手术，并存在感染和再生软骨分层的潜在风险。此外，软骨细胞植入的疗效取决于患者的体重、关节病理、与性别相关的软骨组织学变化以及影响治疗和预后的激素影响。到目前为止，使用传统策略实现软骨缺损修复和再生的临床满意度仍然是一个巨大的挑战。3D生物制造为制造仿生关节软骨构建体提供了潜力，该构建体在特定患者的软骨修复和再生中已显示出前景。本文综述了应用于软骨修复的3D生物打印技术，分析了它们各自的优缺点以及临床应用中的局限性。提供了常用生物墨水的总结，以及3D生物打印在软骨组织修复应用中面临的挑战和前景展望。它对3D生物制造技术在关节软骨修复中的当前发展和有前景的应用进行了全面综述。
