Paduchová Zuzana, Gajdošová Lívia, Katrenčíková Barbora, Horváthová Martina, Országhová Zuzana, Andrezálová Lucia, Muchová Jana
Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 29;17(1):96. doi: 10.3390/nu17010096.
Aging induces degenerative processes in the body, contributing to the onset of various age-associated diseases that affect the population. Inadequate dietary habits and low physical activity are major contributors to increased morbidity during aging. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and physical activity on the markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms in aged male Wistar rats (23-24 months).
The rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: a sedentary control (placebo, no exercise), a trained (placebo and moderate-intensity graded aerobic exercise; Ex), and two trained groups supplemented with low (160 mg/kg of body weight; O1 + Ex) and high (320 mg/kg of body weight; O2 + Ex) doses of omega-3 fatty acids. The biochemical and functional parameters related to sarcopenia and the markers of oxidative stress were measured in blood and gastrocnemius muscle.
The results demonstrated dose-dependent, synergistic effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and physical activity. The higher dose (320 mg/kg of body weight) improved plasma antioxidant capacity (TEAC, +21.01%, < 0.01) and GPx activity (+78.05%, < 0.05) while reducing CAT activity in erythrocytes (-19.92%, < 0.05), likely as an adaptive stress response. Combined interventions also normalized cholesterol levels, improved the functional parameters of sarcopenia (stride length, +14.82%, < 0.001), and enhanced antioxidant protection in aged rats.
These findings highlight the potential of combining omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and physical activity to counteract aging-related degenerative changes. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and evaluate the long-term benefits of these strategies in aging populations.
衰老会引发身体的退行性变化，促使各种影响人群的与年龄相关疾病的发生。不良的饮食习惯和低体力活动是衰老过程中发病率增加的主要因素。本研究旨在探讨补充ω-3脂肪酸和进行体育活动对老年雄性Wistar大鼠（23 - 24个月）氧化应激标志物和抗氧化防御机制的联合作用。
将大鼠随机分为四个实验组：久坐对照组（安慰剂，不运动）、训练组（安慰剂和中等强度分级有氧运动；Ex），以及两个补充低剂量（160毫克/千克体重；O1 + Ex）和高剂量（320毫克/千克体重；O2 + Ex）ω-3脂肪酸的训练组。在血液和腓肠肌中测量与肌肉减少症相关的生化和功能参数以及氧化应激标志物。
结果表明，补充ω-3脂肪酸和进行体育活动具有剂量依赖性的协同作用。较高剂量（320毫克/千克体重）可提高血浆抗氧化能力（TEAC，+21.01%，<0.01）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性（+78.05%，<0.05），同时降低红细胞中的过氧化氢酶活性（-19.92%，<0.05），这可能是一种适应性应激反应。联合干预还使胆固醇水平正常化，改善了肌肉减少症的功能参数（步长，+14.82%，<0.001），并增强了老年大鼠的抗氧化保护作用。
这些发现凸显了补充ω-3脂肪酸和进行体育活动相结合以对抗与衰老相关的退行性变化的潜力。需要进一步研究以阐明其潜在机制，并评估这些策略在老年人群中的长期益处。
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