Efficient gene delivery admitted by small metabolites specifically targeting astrocytes in the mouse brain.

The development of efficient and targeted methods for delivering DNA in vivo has long been a major focus of research. In this study, we introduce a gene delivery approach admitted by small metabolites (gDAM) for the efficient and targeted delivery of naked DNA into astrocytes in the adult brains of mice. gDAM uses a straightforward combination of DNA and small metabolites, including glycine, L-proline, L-serine, L-histidine, D-alanine, Gly-Gly, and Gly-Gly-Gly, to achieve astrocyte-specific delivery of naked DNA, resulting in transient and robust gene expression in these cells. Using gDAM, we successfully co-deliver the PiggyBac transposon and the CRISPR-Cas9 system to induce long-term overexpression of the oncogene EGFRvIII and knockout of tumor suppressor genes Nf1, Pten, and Trp53 in astrocytes, leading to the development of astrocyte-derived gliomas in immunocompetent mice. Furthermore, gDAM facilitates the delivery of naked DNA to peripheral glioma astrocytes. The overexpression of interferon-β and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in these peripheral glioma astrocytes significantly prolongs the overall survival of mice bearing 73C glioma cells. This approach offers a new perspective on developing gene delivery systems that specifically target astrocytes to meet the varied needs of both research and gene therapy. The innovative strategy behind gDAM is expected to provide fresh inspiration in the quest for DNA delivery to other tissues, such as skeletal muscle and skin.