Katic Bozena J, Katragkou Aspasia, Alvitres Jessica L, Gurumurthy Manisha, Li Charles, Schwab Joseph V, Hasan Uzma N, Gaur Sunanda, Weller Alan S, Kennedy Mary C, DiPentima Cecilia, Rohan Claudia, Richlin Benjamin, Chu Dorothy, Otero Isaura, Patel Akhil, Thomas Pauline, Friedman Stephen M
Communicable Disease Service, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey, USA.
CDC Foundation, State Funded Projects, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025 Jan 10;12(1):ofae680. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae680. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Household transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may play a key role in times of increased infection, particularly among children. We aimed to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and identify risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity in children.
Unvaccinated children aged 18 months to 11 years between August 2022 and June 2023 underwent oral fluid testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Caregivers completed electronic surveys at 4 major healthcare practices in Northern and Central New Jersey. Information was collected on demographics, household size, vaccination status, and prior SARS-CoV-2-related illness. Multivariable logistic regression determined individual and household-level factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity.
A total of 870 children provided tests and corresponding surveys. Children were predominantly Hispanic (37%) or non-Hispanic Black (30%), and on average 5.7 years old. Overall SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity was 68%. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 positivity include Hispanic or non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (adjusted odds ratios [aOR], 2.29 and 1.95 vs. White race/ethnicity; ) and later enrollment in the study period. Children from households with ≥1 vaccinated adult were 52% less likely to be antibody positive than those from households with no vaccinated adults (aOR: 0.38, [95% confidence interval 0.2 to 0.69]).
There is high burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection among children over time. Adult vaccination appears to be a protective factor in helping to mitigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among children. Increased vaccination of adults in the community can help inform COVID-19 prevention strategies for minors in the household.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的家庭传播在感染增加时期可能起关键作用，尤其是在儿童中。我们旨在确定SARS-CoV-2抗体的流行率，并确定与儿童SARS-CoV-2抗体阳性相关的危险因素。
2022年8月至2023年6月期间，对18个月至11岁未接种疫苗的儿童进行了SARS-CoV-2抗体的口腔液检测。照顾者在新泽西州北部和中部的4家主要医疗诊所完成了电子调查。收集了有关人口统计学、家庭规模、疫苗接种状况和既往SARS-CoV-2相关疾病的信息。多变量逻辑回归确定了与SARS-CoV-2抗体阳性相关的个体和家庭层面因素。
共有870名儿童提供了检测和相应调查。儿童主要为西班牙裔（37%）或非西班牙裔黑人（30%），平均年龄5.7岁。总体SARS-CoV-2抗体阳性率为68%。SARS-CoV-2阳性的危险因素包括西班牙裔或非西班牙裔黑人种族/族裔（调整后的优势比[aOR]，与白人种族/族裔相比分别为2.29和1.95）以及在研究期间较晚入组。来自有≥1名接种疫苗成年人家庭的儿童抗体阳性的可能性比来自没有接种疫苗成年人家庭的儿童低52%（aOR：0.38，[95%置信区间0.2至0.69]）。
随着时间的推移，儿童中SARS-CoV-2感染负担较高。成人接种疫苗似乎是帮助减轻儿童2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）感染的一个保护因素。社区中成人疫苗接种的增加有助于为家庭中的未成年人制定COVID-19预防策略提供信息。
