Meelua Wijitra, Wanjai Tanchanok, Oláh Julianna, Linnolahti Mikko, Jitonnom Jitrayut
Demonstration School, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
Unit of Excellence in Computational Molecular Science and Catalysis, and Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
ACS Omega. 2025 Jan 2;10(1):1082-1093. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c08377. eCollection 2025 Jan 14.
The effectiveness of metallocene catalysts in the cationic ring-opening polymerization (cationic ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) is influenced by the choice of metallocene/borate systems, particularly their bulkiness. Recent research examines this effect on the initiation and propagation stages of cationic ROP. We conducted a density functional theory study on the precatalyst activation of cationic CL ROP by zirconocene/borate catalysts, where four models of zirconocene precatalysts (CpZrMe (), (MeCp)CpZrMe (), (MeCp)ZrMe (), and IndZrMe ()) were combined with boron cocatalysts B(CF) and [X][B(CF) ] (X = PhC or PhMeNH). We modeled and predicted their thermodynamic, steric, and electronic properties during ion-pair formation and separation. The calculated Gibbs energies of ion-pair formation correlated with the positive charge at the metal center and steric congestion of the catalyst. All catalyst precursors showed exothermic and exergonic insertion of CL, toluene solvent, and contact ion pairs; solvent-separated ion pairs were the preferred activation pathway. Catalyst showed the most stable ion pair in precatalyst activation, with the lowest separation energy, aided by methyl group bulkiness and toluene solvent. We evaluated Cp'-based ligands using percent buried volume (% ) trends. Noncovalent interaction analysis indicated weak interactions at ion-pair contacts. This study enhances our understanding of cationic ROP and could aid in developing new polymerization catalysts for polyester synthesis.
茂金属催化剂在ε-己内酯(CL)阳离子开环聚合反应(阳离子ROP)中的有效性受茂金属/硼酸盐体系的选择影响,特别是它们的空间位阻。近期研究考察了这种影响对阳离子ROP引发和增长阶段的作用。我们对锆茂/硼酸盐催化剂引发阳离子CL ROP的预催化剂活化进行了密度泛函理论研究,其中四种锆茂预催化剂模型(CpZrMe()、(MeCp)CpZrMe()、(MeCp)ZrMe()和IndZrMe())与硼助催化剂B(CF)和[X][B(CF) ](X = PhC或PhMeNH)相结合。我们对离子对形成和分离过程中的热力学、空间和电子性质进行了建模和预测。计算得出的离子对形成吉布斯自由能与金属中心的正电荷和催化剂的空间拥挤程度相关。所有催化剂前体在CL、甲苯溶剂和接触离子对的插入过程中均表现出放热和放能现象;溶剂分离离子对是首选的活化途径。催化剂 在预催化剂活化中表现出最稳定的离子对,分离能最低,这得益于甲基的空间位阻和甲苯溶剂。我们利用掩埋体积百分比(% )趋势评估了基于Cp'的配体。非共价相互作用分析表明离子对接触处存在弱相互作用。这项研究增进了我们对阳离子ROP的理解,并有助于开发用于聚酯合成的新型聚合催化剂。