Lv Hongli, He Xiaoxing, Hu Shunqiang
School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 22;15(1):2742. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-86986-w.
Surface loading effects related to atmospheric, hydrological, non-tidal ocean, are one of the principal sources of the seasonal oscillations in GNSS time series, and it should be taken into account for improving GNSS accuracy. In this study, the daily vertical time series of 9 GNSS stations at Hong Kong was used to investigate the surface loading (sum of atmospheric loading, hydrological loading, non-tidal ocean loading (AHNL)) contributors of seasonal oscillations in GNSS observations. This paper reveals a correlation between the AHNL deformation and the GNSS vertical time series, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.5. The GNSS vertical time series and the corresponding AHNL deformation at all stations exhibit identical amplitudes and phases. The average root mean square (RMS) reduction is 15% at all stations after removing the AHNL deformation from the GNSS vertical time series, implying that AHNL may contribute to non-linear fluctuations in GNSS observations at Hong Kong. Furthermore, the independent component analysis (ICA) method was performed to extract periodic signals from the GNSS time series. ICA method can effectively separate the seasonal signals related to AHNL, the seasonal signals show a strong correlation with AHNL deformations, with Lin correlation coefficients above 0.6. Finally, we carried out cross wavelet transform (XWT) method to quantitatively express the annual phase relationship between GNSS vertical time series and AHNL deformation. The XWT result shows AHNL mainly contribute to the annual oscillation in GNSS observations.
与大气、水文、非潮汐海洋相关的地表负荷效应是全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)时间序列季节性振荡的主要来源之一,为提高GNSS精度应予以考虑。在本研究中,利用香港9个GNSS站的每日垂直时间序列来研究GNSS观测中季节性振荡的地表负荷(大气负荷、水文负荷、非潮汐海洋负荷之和(AHNL))贡献因素。本文揭示了AHNL变形与GNSS垂直时间序列之间的相关性,平均相关系数为0.5。所有站点的GNSS垂直时间序列和相应的AHNL变形呈现出相同的振幅和相位。从GNSS垂直时间序列中去除AHNL变形后,所有站点的平均均方根(RMS)减小了15%,这意味着AHNL可能导致香港GNSS观测中的非线性波动。此外,采用独立分量分析(ICA)方法从GNSS时间序列中提取周期性信号。ICA方法能有效分离与AHNL相关的季节性信号,这些季节性信号与AHNL变形具有很强的相关性,线性相关系数高于0.6。最后,我们进行了交叉小波变换(XWT)方法来定量表达GNSS垂直时间序列与AHNL变形之间的年相位关系。XWT结果表明AHNL主要对GNSS观测中的年振荡有贡献。