Lv Kaiying, Liang Qun
Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jan 7;15:1518008. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1518008. eCollection 2024.
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains a leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients. Macrophages, key modulators of immune responses, play a dual role in both promoting and resolving inflammation. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles released by various cells, carry bioactive molecules that influence macrophage polarization and immune responses. Emerging researchers have identified exosomes as crucial mediators that modulate macrophage activity during sepsis-induced ALI. This review explores the role of exosomes in modulating macrophage functions, focusing on the cellular interactions within the lung microenvironment and their potential as therapeutic targets. It highlights the regulation of macrophages by exosomes derived from pathogenic germs, neutrophils, alveolar epithelial cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. By understanding these mechanisms, it aims to uncover innovative therapeutic strategies for sepsis-induced ALI.
脓毒症诱导的急性肺损伤（ALI）仍然是重症患者死亡的主要原因。巨噬细胞作为免疫反应的关键调节因子，在促进和消退炎症方面发挥着双重作用。外泌体是由各种细胞释放的小细胞外囊泡，携带影响巨噬细胞极化和免疫反应的生物活性分子。新兴研究人员已将外泌体确定为脓毒症诱导的ALI期间调节巨噬细胞活性的关键介质。本综述探讨了外泌体在调节巨噬细胞功能中的作用，重点关注肺微环境中的细胞相互作用及其作为治疗靶点的潜力。它强调了来自病原菌、中性粒细胞、肺泡上皮细胞和间充质基质细胞的外泌体对巨噬细胞的调节作用。通过了解这些机制，旨在揭示脓毒症诱导的ALI的创新治疗策略。
