DAU-Net: a novel U-Net with dual attention for retinal vessel segmentation.

In fundus images, precisely segmenting retinal blood vessels is important for diagnosing eye-related conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy or other eye-related disorders. In this work, we propose an enhanced U-shaped network with dual-attention, named DAU-Net, divided into encoder and decoder parts. Wherein, we replace the traditional convolutional layers with ConvNeXt Block and SnakeConv Block to strengthen its recognition ability for different forms of blood vessels while lightweight the model. Additionally, we designed two efficient attention modules, namely Local-Global Attention (LGA) and Cross-Fusion Attention (CFA). Specifically, LGA conducts attention calculations on the features extracted by the encoder to accentuate vessel-related characteristics while suppressing irrelevant background information; CFA addresses potential information loss during feature extraction by globally modeling pixel interactions between encoder and decoder features. Comprehensive experiments in terms of public datasets DRIVE, CHASE_DB1, and STARE demonstrate that DAU-Net obtains excellent segmentation results on all three datasets. The results show an AUC of 0.9818, ACC of 0.8299, and F1 score of 0.9585 on DRIVE; 0.9894, 0.8499, and 0.9700 on CHASE_DB1; and 0.9908, 0.8620, and 0.9712 on STARE, respectively. These results strongly demonstrate the effectiveness of DAU-Net in retinal vessel segmentation, highlighting its potential for practical clinical use.