Kusters Michelle S W, Granés Laura, Petricola Sami, Tiemeier Henning, Muetzel Ryan L, Guxens Mònica
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Int. 2025 Feb;196:109245. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109245. Epub 2025 Jan 6.
A few studies linked air pollution to differences in functional connectivity of resting-state brain networks in children, but how air pollution exposure affects the development of brain networks remains poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the association of air pollution exposure from birth to 3 years and one year before the first imaging assessment with the development of functional connectivity across adolescence.
We utilized data from 3,626 children of the Generation R Study (The Netherlands). We estimated residential exposure to PM, PM, PM absorbance, NO, and NO with land-use regression models. Between- and within-network functional connectivity was calculated for 13 cortical networks, and the amygdala, hippocampus, and caudate nucleus at two assessments (8.6-12.0 and 12.6-17.1 years), resulting in 4,628 scans (2,511 for assessment 1 and 2,117 for assessment 2) from 3,626 individuals. We investigated the association between air pollution and functional connectivity with linear mixed models adjusted for life-style and socioeconomic variables, and corrected for multiple testing.
Higher exposure to PM from birth to 3 years was associated with persistently lower functional connectivity over time between the amygdala and the ventral attention, somatomotor hand, and auditory networks throughout adolescence (e.g. -0.027 functional connectivity [95 % CI -0.040; -0.013] amygdala - ventral attention network per 5 μg/mhigher PM). Higher exposure to PM one year before the first imaging assessment was associated with persistently lower functional connectivity between the salience and medial-parietal networks throughout adolescence. Air pollution was not associated with a faster or slower change in functional connectivity with age.
Air pollution exposure early in life was associated with persistent alterations in connectivity between the amygdala and cortical networks involved in attention, somatomotor, and auditory function. Concurrent exposure was associated with persistent connectivity alterations between networks related to higher cognitive functions (i.e. the salience and medial-parietal networks).
一些研究将空气污染与儿童静息态脑网络功能连接的差异联系起来，但空气污染暴露如何影响脑网络的发育仍知之甚少。因此，我们研究了从出生到3岁以及首次成像评估前一年的空气污染暴露与整个青春期功能连接发育之间的关联。
我们利用了荷兰Generation R研究中3626名儿童的数据。我们使用土地利用回归模型估计了住宅暴露于PM、PM、PM吸光度、NO和NO的情况。在两次评估（8.6 - 12.0岁和12.6 - 17.1岁）时，计算了13个皮质网络以及杏仁核、海马体和尾状核的网络间和网络内功能连接，从而得到了来自3626名个体的4628次扫描（评估1为2511次，评估2为2117次）。我们使用针对生活方式和社会经济变量进行调整并校正了多重检验的线性混合模型，研究了空气污染与功能连接之间的关联。
从出生到3岁期间较高的PM暴露与整个青春期杏仁核与腹侧注意、躯体运动手部和听觉网络之间随时间持续降低的功能连接相关（例如，每升高5μg/m的PM，杏仁核 - 腹侧注意网络的功能连接为 - 0.027 [95%置信区间 - 0.040； - 0.013]）。首次成像评估前一年较高的PM暴露与整个青春期突显网络和内侧顶叶网络之间持续降低的功能连接相关。空气污染与功能连接随年龄变化的更快或更慢无关。
生命早期的空气污染暴露与杏仁核和涉及注意、躯体运动和听觉功能的皮质网络之间连接的持续改变有关。同时暴露与与较高认知功能相关的网络（即突显网络和内侧顶叶网络）之间的持续连接改变有关。
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