Chien Tsai-Chieh, Chen Chao-Chien
Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
Department of Leisure and Recreation Management, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Jan 14;13(1):21. doi: 10.3390/sports13010021.
Schizophrenia is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten diseases contributing to the global medical economic burden. Some studies have pointed out that exercise is effective for physical and mental health, as well as cognition. We hypothesized that participation in pickleball intervention would lead to improved self-esteem and reduced psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia patients. We recruited participants with schizophrenia from a long-term care facility and a regional hospital, dividing them into two groups based on the institutions. The experimental group underwent a nine-week pickleball exercise intervention, with sessions three times a week, each lasting 90 min, and a Dink ball test was conducted weekly. Questionnaires on self-esteem and the short-form health survey were collected both before and after the intervention. This trial included 30 patients, divided equally into the experimental group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15). After the nine-week pickleball intervention, there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) ( = 0.153) or the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) ( = 0.289). However, the Dink test scores in the experimental group showed significant improvements in physical activity capabilities and attention over time, with average hit counts increasing from 5.3 ± 1.5 to 10.7 ± 2.3 ( < 0.01). Although the pickleball intervention did not yield significant differences in self-esteem and symptom measures between groups, the improvements observed in physical performance and attention in the experimental group suggest that exercise remains a feasible complementary approach for managing schizophrenia symptoms. Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended.
精神分裂症被世界卫生组织（WHO）列为导致全球医疗经济负担的十大疾病之一。一些研究指出，运动对身心健康以及认知都有效果。我们假设参与匹克球干预将改善精神分裂症患者的自尊并减轻精神症状。我们从一家长期护理机构和一家地区医院招募了精神分裂症患者，根据机构将他们分为两组。实验组接受了为期九周的匹克球运动干预，每周进行三次，每次持续90分钟，并且每周进行一次网前小球测试。在干预前后收集了关于自尊和简短健康调查问卷。该试验包括30名患者，平均分为实验组（n = 15）和对照组（n = 15）。经过九周的匹克球干预后，实验组和对照组在罗森伯格自尊量表（RSES）（ = 0.153）或简明症状评定量表（BSRS - 5）（ = 0.289）方面没有显著差异。然而，实验组的网前小球测试分数显示随着时间推移身体活动能力和注意力有显著改善，平均击球次数从5.3 ± 1.5增加到10.7 ± 2.3（ < 0.01）。尽管匹克球干预在两组之间的自尊和症状测量方面没有产生显著差异，但实验组在身体表现和注意力方面观察到的改善表明运动仍然是管理精神分裂症症状的一种可行的辅助方法。建议进行更大样本量的进一步研究。
