Aljumaah Riyadh S, Salama Ahmed A K, Abdelrahman Mutassim M, Ayadi Moez, Caja Gerardo, Alshaikh Mohammed A, Al-Badwi Mohammed A, Matar Abdulkareem M
Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Group of Research in Ruminants (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
Vet Sci. 2025 Jan 6;12(1):22. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12010022.
Camel milk is a valuable food source with unique nutritional properties and potential health benefits. This study investigated the influence of high dietary salt on milk composition and fatty acid (FA) profile as well as insulin regulation in dairy camels. Twelve multiparous female camels were used in a crossover design with two treatments: control concentrate (CON; 1.3% salt) and high-salt concentrate (SAL; 3.9% salt). Each period lasted 3 weeks, with camels switched between treatments in the second period. The measured variables included milk yield, milk composition, blood metabolites, and insulin levels in blood and milk. The SAL group exhibited higher ( < 0.01) water consumption. Nevertheless, milk yield and composition (fat, protein, lactose) remained unaffected. Notably, SAL camels had elevated blood insulin levels ( < 0.05) compared to the CON group, suggesting enhanced pancreatic activity possibly driven by osmotic balance changes. Milk FA profiles revealed a reduction in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA, < 0.04), particularly monounsaturated (MUFA, < 0.05) and odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA, < 0.05). Furthermore, lipid quality indices such as the atherogenic index ( < 0.01) and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic FA ratio (h/H, < 0.01) indicated a less favorable milk fat profile in the SAL group. These findings suggest that while moderate salt supplementation may not negatively impact milk yield in dairy camels, it alters both metabolic and milk fat composition variables, with potential implications for the nutritional quality of milk.
骆驼奶是一种具有独特营养特性和潜在健康益处的宝贵食物来源。本研究调查了高膳食盐对奶骆驼奶成分、脂肪酸（FA）谱以及胰岛素调节的影响。采用交叉设计，使用12头经产雌性骆驼，设置两种处理：对照精饲料（CON；1.3%盐）和高盐精饲料（SAL；3.9%盐）。每个阶段持续3周，在第二阶段骆驼在两种处理之间切换。测量的变量包括产奶量、奶成分、血液代谢物以及血液和奶中的胰岛素水平。SAL组的饮水量更高（<0.01）。然而，产奶量和奶成分（脂肪、蛋白质、乳糖）未受影响。值得注意的是，与CON组相比，SAL组骆驼的血液胰岛素水平升高（<0.05），这表明胰腺活性增强可能是由渗透平衡变化驱动的。奶的FA谱显示不饱和脂肪酸（UFA，<0.04）减少，尤其是单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA，<0.05）和奇数链脂肪酸（OCFA，<0.05）。此外，诸如致动脉粥样硬化指数（<0.01）和降胆固醇/升胆固醇脂肪酸比率（h/H，<0.01）等脂质质量指标表明SAL组的奶脂肪谱不太有利。这些发现表明，虽然适度补充盐可能不会对奶骆驼的产奶量产生负面影响，但它会改变代谢和奶脂肪成分变量，可能会对奶的营养质量产生影响。
