Chen Min, Guo Qinhe, Yuan Yao, Li Ao, Lin Bo, Xiao Yi, Xu Lulu, Wang Wei
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jan 20;17(2):249. doi: 10.3390/polym17020249.
The sustainable flame retardancy of polymeric materials is a key focus for the direction of the next generation in the field of fire safety. Bio-derived flame retardants are gaining attention as environmentally friendly additives due to their low ecological impact and decreasing costs. These compounds can enhance char formation in polymeric materials by swelling upon heating, attributed to their functional groups. This review explores various biomolecules used as flame retardants, including phytic acid, chitosan, lignin, tannic acid, and bio-derived phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, emphasizing their flame-retardant properties and compatibility with different polymer matrices. The primary focus is on the structural characteristics, modifications, and flame-retardant behaviors of these bio-derived additives, particularly regarding their mechanisms of action within polymeric materials. Finally, the review explores the opportunities, current challenges, and future directions for the practical application of bio-derived flame retardants in polymer materials.
聚合物材料的可持续阻燃性是消防安全领域下一代发展方向的关键重点。生物基阻燃剂因其低生态影响和成本降低，作为环境友好型添加剂正受到关注。这些化合物由于其官能团，在加热时会膨胀，从而增强聚合物材料中的炭形成。本综述探讨了用作阻燃剂的各种生物分子，包括植酸、壳聚糖、木质素、单宁酸以及生物基磷和氮化合物，强调了它们的阻燃性能以及与不同聚合物基体的相容性。主要关注这些生物基添加剂的结构特征、改性和阻燃行为，特别是它们在聚合物材料中的作用机制。最后，本综述探讨了生物基阻燃剂在聚合物材料实际应用中的机遇、当前挑战和未来方向。
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