Al Ghadeer Hussain A, Alabdallah Rahmah H, AlKhalaf Ghufran I, Aldandan Faisal K, Almohammed Hassan A, Al Busaeed Murtadha M, Alkhawajah Fatimah M, Al Hassan Khawla A, Alghadeer Fatimah A, Alreqa Haidar H, Al Muaiweed Rafyel S, Al Bohassan Afnan S, AlMuhaish Abdullatif A, Alhabeeb Ahmed J, Alsaif Anas K
Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, AlAhsa, SAU.
Neonatology, Maternity and Children Hospital, AlAhsa, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 28;16(12):e76517. doi: 10.7759/cureus.76517. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Introduction Neonatal sepsis is defined as a systemic illness caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, characterized by hemodynamic abnormalities and clinical findings that result in morbidity and mortality. Neonatal morbidity and mortality are significantly influenced by neonatal sepsis. Causative pathogens and antimicrobial sensitivity profiles have changed over time, with significant geographic variation. Aim To determine the characteristics and associated risk factors of sepsis among neonates admitted into neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Maternity and Children Hospital, AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia. Methodology An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 2022 to December 2023 at the Maternity and Children Hospital, AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia. All neonates born with clinically diagnosed sepsis and positive culture were included in this study. Results This study included 134 neonates with a culture-proven diagnosis of neonatal sepsis during the study period. There were 23 (17.2%) cases of early-onset sepsis (EOS) and 111 (82.8%) cases of late-onset sepsis (LOS). Compared to late-onset sepsis (18.8%), is more common in early-onset sepsis (33.3%). In cases of early-onset sepsis, is isolated more often (33.3%) than in cases of late-onset (9.4%). Neonatal sepsis mortality is higher in LOS (25 [22.5%]) than in EOS (3 [13%]). Neonates with extremely preterm birth weight, gram-negative sepsis, and thrombocytopenia have a significantly higher mortality rate (p=<0.05). Conclusion In order to lower the risk among newborns, policymakers and/or managers will benefit from the information provided by the assessment of the prevalence, clinical outcomes, and risk factors for neonatal sepsis. Furthermore, developing hospital-based care strategies requires an understanding of the microorganisms that cause infections among neonates.
引言
新生儿败血症被定义为由细菌、病毒或真菌引起的全身性疾病，其特征为血流动力学异常以及导致发病和死亡的临床症状。新生儿败血症对新生儿的发病率和死亡率有显著影响。致病病原体和抗菌药物敏感性谱随时间发生了变化，且存在显著的地理差异。
目的
确定沙特阿拉伯艾哈萨市妇幼医院新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）收治的新生儿败血症的特征及相关危险因素。
方法
在沙特阿拉伯艾哈萨市妇幼医院，对2022年1月至2023年12月期间入住新生儿重症监护病房的新生儿进行了一项基于机构的回顾性横断面研究。所有临床诊断为败血症且血培养阳性的新生儿均纳入本研究。
结果
本研究纳入了134例在研究期间经血培养证实诊断为新生儿败血症的新生儿。早发型败血症（EOS）23例（17.2%），晚发型败血症（LOS）111例（82.8%）。与晚发型败血症（18.8%）相比，[此处原文缺失内容]在早发型败血症中更常见（33.3%）。在早发型败血症病例中，[此处原文缺失内容]的分离率（33.3%）高于晚发型败血症病例（9.4%）。晚发型败血症的新生儿败血症死亡率（25例[22.5%]）高于早发型败血症（3例[13%]）。出生体重极低、革兰氏阴性菌败血症和血小板减少的新生儿死亡率显著更高（p<0.05）。
结论
为降低新生儿风险，政策制定者和/或管理者将从新生儿败血症患病率、临床结局及危险因素评估提供的信息中受益。此外，制定基于医院的护理策略需要了解引起新生儿感染的微生物。
