Graells Tiscar, Lin Yi-Ting, Ahmad Shafqat, Fall Tove, Ärnlöv Johan
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 31;20(1):e0317960. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317960. eCollection 2025.
The urinary microbiome, or urobiome, is a novel area of research that has been gaining attention recently, as urine was thought to be sterile for years. There is limited information about the composition of the urobiome in health and disease. The urobiome may be affected by several factors and diseases such as diabetes, a disease that often leads to kidney damage. Thus, we need to understand the role of the urobiome to assess and monitor kidney disease related to diabetes over time.
We conducted a systematic review to summarize knowledge about the urobiome in association with diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease. The search was conducted in several electronic databases until November 2024.
Eighteen studies were selected including cross-sectional case-control studies, cross-sectional surveys and one prospective longitudinal study. In total, the urobiome of 1,571 people was sequenced, of which 662 people had diabetes, and of these 36 had confirmed diabetic kidney disease; 609 were healthy individuals, 179 had prediabetes or were at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 121 did not have diabetes but had other comorbidities. Eight studies analysed data from females, one was focused on male data, and the other nine had mixed female-male data. Most of the studies had a small sample size, used voided midstream urine, and used 16S rRNA sequencing.
This systematic review summarizes trends seen throughout published data available to have a first baseline knowledge of the urinary microbiome, and its microbiota, in association with diabetes including the decreased richness and α-diversity in urinary microbiota in individuals with diabetes compared to healthy controls and the decreased α-diversity with the evolution of kidney disease independently of the cause.
泌尿微生物群，即尿微生物群，是一个最近受到关注的新兴研究领域，因为多年来人们一直认为尿液是无菌的。关于健康和疾病状态下尿微生物群的组成信息有限。尿微生物群可能受到多种因素和疾病的影响，如糖尿病，这种疾病常导致肾脏损伤。因此，我们需要了解尿微生物群的作用，以便长期评估和监测与糖尿病相关的肾脏疾病。
我们进行了一项系统综述，以总结与糖尿病和糖尿病肾病相关的尿微生物群知识。检索在多个电子数据库中进行，直至2024年11月。
共纳入18项研究，包括横断面病例对照研究、横断面调查和1项前瞻性纵向研究。总共对1571人的尿微生物群进行了测序，其中662人患有糖尿病，其中36人确诊为糖尿病肾病；609人为健康个体，179人患有糖尿病前期或有2型糖尿病风险，121人没有糖尿病但患有其他合并症。8项研究分析了女性数据，1项专注于男性数据，另外9项有男女混合数据。大多数研究样本量较小，使用中段尿，采用16S rRNA测序。
本系统综述总结了现有已发表数据中呈现的趋势，以便初步了解与糖尿病相关的泌尿微生物群及其微生物群落，包括与健康对照相比，糖尿病患者泌尿微生物群的丰富度和α多样性降低，以及无论病因如何，随着肾脏疾病的进展α多样性降低。
