Zhang Chen, Qiao Pei, Xiao ChunYing, Cao ZiPeng, Chen JiaoLing, Fang Hui, Yang JianKang, Kang ZeHua, Dang ErLe, Shao Shuai, Pang BingYu, Li QingYang, Zhu ZhenLai, Shen ShengXian, Hasegawa Akito, Abe Riichiro, Qiao HongJiang, Wang Gang, Fu Meng
Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
Department of Health Education and Management and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
Int J Biol Sci. 2025 Jan 20;21(3):1275-1293. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.98592. eCollection 2025.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) manifest life-threatening cutaneous adverse drug reactions characterized by keratinocyte death. Previous studies have indicated that apoptosis and necroptosis are implicated in SJS/TEN pathogeneses. However, other forms of cell death involved in this process remain unidentified. Ferroptosis, cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has been implicated in various human diseases. In this study, the identification of ferroptosis and the potential effects of ferroptosis on SJS/TEN were investigated. We demonstrated that the skin lesions and plasma of SJS/TEN patients show increased levels of lipid peroxidation and iron. The biomarkers of ferroptosis correlated positively with the disease severity in SJS/TEN patients. Besides, plasma exosomes derived from patients with SJS/TEN exhibited elevated levels of cellular oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), the key phospholipids that drive cells towards ferroptotic death. , enriched in plasma-derived exosomes from SJS/TEN patients, was observed reduce both ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) expression. Parallelly, exosomal overexpression increased the level of lipid peroxidation but decreased the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), thus enhancing the ferroptosis rate of keratinocyte. Above all, we concluded that ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis, lipid metabolism, and the FSP1-CoQ-dependent pathway in ferroptosis are critical mechanisms contributing to SJS/TEN. Targeting ferroptosis in keratinocyte may be a therapeutic strategy for preventing SJS/TEN in the future.
史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征(SJS)和中毒性表皮坏死松解症(TEN)表现为以角质形成细胞死亡为特征的危及生命的皮肤药物不良反应。先前的研究表明,细胞凋亡和坏死性凋亡与SJS/TEN的发病机制有关。然而,该过程中涉及的其他细胞死亡形式仍未明确。铁死亡是一种由铁依赖性脂质过氧化驱动的细胞死亡,已被认为与多种人类疾病有关。在本研究中,我们调查了铁死亡的识别及其对SJS/TEN的潜在影响。我们证明,SJS/TEN患者的皮肤病变和血浆中脂质过氧化和铁的水平升高。铁死亡的生物标志物与SJS/TEN患者的疾病严重程度呈正相关。此外,SJS/TEN患者血浆来源的外泌体中细胞氧化多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)水平升高,PE是驱动细胞走向铁死亡的关键磷脂。观察到富含SJS/TEN患者血浆来源外泌体的 降低了铁蛋白重链1(FTH1)和铁死亡抑制蛋白1(FSP1)的表达。同时,外泌体 的过表达增加了脂质过氧化水平,但降低了辅酶Q10(CoQ10)水平,从而提高了角质形成细胞的铁死亡率。综上所述,我们得出结论,铁蛋白自噬介导的铁死亡、脂质代谢以及铁死亡中FSP1-CoQ依赖性途径是导致SJS/TEN的关键机制。靶向角质形成细胞中的铁死亡可能是未来预防SJS/TEN的一种治疗策略。
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