Exploring the Link Between Adjacent Lateral Incisor Morphology and Unilateral Maxillary Canine Impaction: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study.

INTRODUCTION

The maxillary canine plays a pivotal role in dental aesthetics, occlusion, and function because of its strategic anatomical positioning. However, the eruption of maxillary canines is a complex process that often leads to impaction. The anatomical and morphological characteristics of adjacent teeth, particularly the maxillary lateral incisors (MLIs), are believed to influence the eruption of maxillary canines. This study aimed to investigate the association between the morphology of MLI and unilateral impacted maxillary canines (IMCs) while also identifying potential predictors of such impactions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This retrospective study analyzed cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 40 patients with unilateral IMC conducted between January 2020 and December 2023. Patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria that required intact MLIs adjacent to both impacted and non-impacted canines. CBCT imaging was performed using standardized protocols to assess crown dimensions, root length, angulation, and spatial relationships of the lateral incisors. The measurements were recorded independently by two calibrated observers. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests and multivariate logistic regression, with significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS

Significant differences were observed in the morphological parameters of the MLI between the impacted and non-impacted sides. Root length and full length were significantly smaller on the impacted side (p < 0.05), whereas mesiodistal (MD) dimensions showed no significant difference. Labiolingual (LL) dimensions and angular measurements revealed significant variations, with mesially inclined and labially displaced roots on the impacted side. Sex differences were noted, with females exhibiting smaller root lengths and buccolingual (BL) dimensions than males. Multivariate logistic regression identified sex, root length, MD width, and angulation with the mid-sagittal plane (MSP) as significant predictors of IMC.

CONCLUSION

Unilateral IMC were significantly associated with smaller root lengths, LL dimensions, and mesially inclined roots of MLI.