Is t(11;14) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma a favorable outcome in the novel agent era?

BACKGROUND

t(11;14) is considered a standard risk factor in multiple myeloma (MM). However, recent studies suggested that its impact in the context of novel agents remained controversial.

METHODS

This retrospective analysis examined the clinical profiles of 375 newly diagnosed patients with MM and compared the outcomes between those with t(11;14) and those with normal cytogenetics.

RESULTS

The median progression-free survival (PFS) of the 84 patients with t(11;14) was 36 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 23.5-48.5), which was significantly shorter than the median PFS of 65 months (95% CI, 23.0-107.0) for the 59 patients with normal cytogenetics (p = 0.011). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached in either group (p = 0.977). When combined with 1q21 + , t(11;14) showed a trend toward poorer PFS (median PFS: 36 vs. 65 months; p = 0.130). In the presence of high-risk cytogenetics (HRCAs), t(11;14) was associated with a worse PFS (median PFS: 9 vs. 38 months, p = 0.015) and a trend toward shorter OS (median OS: 33 vs. 49 months, p = 0.096). Multivariate analysis indicated that t(11;14) was a poor prognostic factor for PFS. 1q21 + was a detrimental prognostic factor, particularly in the t(11;14) group. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) may be a beneficial treatment option for patients with t(11;14).

CONCLUSION

In this study, patients with MM with t(11;14) demonstrated poorer PFS than those with normal cytogenetics. Further investigations are required to evaluate the impact of t(11;14) in patients newly diagnosed with MM in the era of novel agents.