Role of Cardio-Oncology Rehabilitation in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) Therapy.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy often lead to severe sarcopenia and cachexia during treatment, making it difficult to maintain exercise tolerance. Consequently, "cancer rehabilitation" programs have been implemented to sustain and improve physical activity and motor function. Hematologic malignancies often involve the use of cardiotoxic drugs. Moreover, graft-vs.-host disease associated with allo-HSCT and the cytokine release syndrome in CAR-T therapy elevate the risk of cardiovascular complications. Thus, establishing "cardio-oncology rehabilitation" (CORE) is essential to support cancer patients and survivors. CORE is expected to enhance quality of life, improve cardiopulmonary function, reduce cancer and cardiac events recurrence, and prolong survival. Our institution conducts cardiopulmonary exercise testing before HSCT and CAR-T therapy, with exercise prescriptions based on heart rate at the anaerobic threshold and guidance on resistance exercises. This report discusses current trends in CORE for patients undergoing HSCT and CAR-T therapy, along with future challenges.