Kiefer Rudolf, Nguyen Ngoc Tuan, Le Quoc Bao
Conducting Polymers in Composites and Applications Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jan 21;17(3):262. doi: 10.3390/polym17030262.
Modern research technology's goal is to produce multifunctional materials that require low energy. In this work, we have applied polypyrrole (PPy) doped with dodecyl benzenesulfonate (DBS-) with the addition of polyoxometalates (POM) such as phosphotungstic acid (PTA) forming PPyDBS-PT composites. Two different PTA concentrations (4 mM and 8 mM) were used to form PPyDBS-PT4 and PPyDBS-PT8. The higher concentration of PTA created a highly dense and compact film which can be observed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM cross-section image), and also contains fewer phosphotungstate anions (PT) inclusion (via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDX). Three different aqueous electrolytes, LiCl (lithium chloride), NaCl (sodium chloride), and KCl (potassium chloride), were applied to investigate how those alkali metal ions perform as typical cation-driven actuators. Cyclic voltammetry with linear actuation revealed the tendency LiCl > NaCl > KCl in view of better strain, charge density, electronic conductivity, and Young's modulus of PPyDBS-PT4 outperformed PPyDBS-PT8. Chronopotentiometric measurements showed high specific capacitance for PPyDBS-PT4 at 260.6 ± 21 F g with capacity retention after 5000 cycles of 88.5%. The sensor calibration of PPyDBS-PT4 revealed that the alkali cations (Li, Na, and K) can be differentiated from each other. The PPyDBS-PT4 has multifunctional applications such as actuators, sensors, and energy storage.
现代研究技术的目标是生产出低能耗的多功能材料。在这项工作中，我们应用了掺杂十二烷基苯磺酸盐（DBS-）的聚吡咯（PPy），并添加了多金属氧酸盐（POM），如磷钨酸（PTA），形成PPyDBS-PT复合材料。使用两种不同浓度的PTA（4 mM和8 mM）来制备PPyDBS-PT4和PPyDBS-PT8。较高浓度的PTA形成了高度致密和紧凑的薄膜，这可以从扫描电子显微镜（SEM横截面图像）中观察到，并且还含有较少的磷钨酸阴离子（PT）夹杂物（通过能量色散X射线光谱，EDX）。应用三种不同的水性电解质，LiCl（氯化锂）、NaCl（氯化钠）和KCl（氯化钾），来研究这些碱金属离子作为典型阳离子驱动致动器的性能。线性驱动的循环伏安法表明，考虑到更好的应变、电荷密度、电子电导率和杨氏模量，PPyDBS-PT4的性能优于PPyDBS-PT8，其顺序为LiCl > NaCl > KCl。计时电位测量显示，PPyDBS-PT4的比电容高达260.6±21 F g，在5000次循环后的容量保持率为88.5%。PPyDBS-PT4的传感器校准表明，可以区分碱金属阳离子（Li、Na和K）。PPyDBS-PT4具有诸如致动器、传感器和能量存储等多功能应用。
