Telemedicine-based integrated management of atrial fibrillation in village clinics: a cluster randomized trial.

In rural China, where healthcare relies on village doctors (nonspecialized practitioners who work exclusively in their village clinics), delivering integrated atrial fibrillation (AF) management poses challenges. We developed a telemedicine-based, village doctor-led integrated care model and conducted a cluster randomized clinical trial to assess its efficacy compared to usual care. A total of 30 village clinics were randomly assigned (1:1) to the intervention or control group, with 1,039 village residents aged ≥65 years with AF (44.3% women) recruited. The primary outcome in stage 1 is adherence to integrated AF care at 12 months. In stage 2, the primary outcome is a composite of cardiovascular death, all strokes, heart failure or acute coronary syndrome hospitalization, and AF emergency visits over 36 months. Both primary outcomes were met. At 12 months, 33.1% in the telemedicine-based, village doctor-led care group and 8.7% in the usual care group met all criteria for integrated AF care (between-group difference, 24.4% (95% confidence interval (CI), 18.3-30.5%); P < 0.001). Over 34.0 months, 41.8% in the telemedicine-based, village doctor-led care group and 10.3% in the usual care group met all criteria for integrated AF care (P < 0.001). The rate of the composite cardiovascular event outcome was lower in the telemedicine-based, village doctor-led care group than in the usual care group (6.2% versus 9.6% per year; hazard ratio, 0.64 (95% CI, 0.50-0.82); P < 0.001). Our trial intervention by this telemedicine-based integrated care delivery model of AF care in rural villages demonstrates better adherence and improved clinical outcomes compared to usual care. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04622514 .