Hyder Ali, Li Cheng, Chanover Nancy, Bjoraker Gordon
Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM USA.
Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
Nat Astron. 2025;9(2):211-220. doi: 10.1038/s41550-024-02420-7. Epub 2024 Nov 20.
Jupiter's oxygen content is inextricably tied to its formation history and the evolution of the early Solar System. Recent one-dimensional thermochemical modelling of CO showed that the planet's bulk water content could be subsolar, in stark contrast to the water enrichment determined near the equator using the Juno spacecraft. Here we use a hydrodynamic model to study Jupiter's atmospheric dynamics at and below the water cloud level with simplified thermochemistry to show the effect of hydrodynamics on the abundance of disequilibrium species CO, PH and GeH in the troposphere. If PH and GeH provide only an upper limit for the oxygen abundance (≤5 times solar), our results suggest an oxygen enrichment range of 2.5-5 times solar using updated CO thermochemistry. Using the conventional CO chemical timescale, we further reveal a correlation between moist convection and the CO abundance at the water cloud level. If such a correlation is found observationally, it would favour the formation of Jupiter near the snow line, which harbours a supersolar oxygen abundance.
木星的氧含量与它的形成历史以及早期太阳系的演化有着千丝万缕的联系。最近对一氧化碳的一维热化学建模表明，该行星的整体水含量可能低于太阳值，这与利用“朱诺”号航天器在赤道附近测定的水富集情况形成鲜明对比。在这里，我们使用一个流体动力学模型，结合简化的热化学，来研究木星水云层及以下的大气动力学，以展示流体动力学对对流层中不平衡物种一氧化碳、磷化氢和锗烷丰度的影响。如果磷化氢和锗烷仅为氧丰度提供了一个上限（≤太阳值的5倍），那么我们的结果表明，使用更新后的一氧化碳热化学，氧富集范围为太阳值的2.5至5倍。利用传统的一氧化碳化学时间尺度，我们进一步揭示了湿对流与水云层一氧化碳丰度之间的相关性。如果在观测中发现这种相关性，将有利于木星在雪线附近形成，那里的氧丰度高于太阳值。
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