Mishra Saurav Kumar, Senathilake Kanishka Sithira, Kumar Neeraj, Patel Chirag N, Uddin Mohammad Borhan, Alqahtani Taha, Alqahtani Ali, Alharbi Hanan M, Georrge John J
Department of Bioinformatics, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
PLoS One. 2025 Feb 27;20(2):e0318523. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318523. eCollection 2025.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a widespread pandemic and severe health issue, is triggered by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); there is no specific vaccine to cure this infection, and the situation is worsening. Therefore, this research sought to develop a vaccine with multiple epitopes against this infection targeting envelope glycoprotein (vital in host-cell interaction) through the immunoinformatics and viroinformatics approach. We identified one B-cell, eight MHC-I, and four MHC-II epitopes on its immunogen-assisted screening. In addition, these putative epitopes were conjoined concurrently using a specific linker (EAAAK, KK, GPGPG), including an adjuvant and a His-Tag at the N and C terminal, respectively, to augment its immune reaction. The final constructed entity consists of 284 amino acids; immunological evaluation demonstrated that the developed vaccine possesses antigenic features with a value of 0.6222, is non-allergenic, and has prospective physiochemical characteristics. The secondary and tertiary structures were anticipated, and their quality has been evaluated. Further, docking analysis between vaccines with TLR3 shows a strong molecular interaction with a -20.0 kcal/mol binding energy, and the stability was analysed through the MD simulation (100ns). Moreover, the designed vaccine expression and immune response were analysed, and a high vaccine expression level was found (pET28a (+)) and robust immune response followed by codon adaptation index value 0.94, 58.36% GC content, and the generation of IgM + IgG, cytokines and interleukin. Based on overall investigation, the developed vaccine stimulates a robust immune response. Nevertheless, laboratory analysis is needed to confirm the protective potency of the vaccine.
获得性免疫缺陷综合征(艾滋病)是一种广泛流行的严重健康问题,由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引发;目前尚无治愈这种感染的特异性疫苗,且情况正在恶化。因此,本研究旨在通过免疫信息学和病毒信息学方法,开发一种针对这种感染的具有多个表位的疫苗,该疫苗靶向包膜糖蛋白(在宿主细胞相互作用中至关重要)。我们在其免疫原辅助筛选中鉴定出一个B细胞表位、八个MHC-I表位和四个MHC-II表位。此外,这些推定表位通过特定的连接子(EAAAK、KK、GPGPG)同时连接,分别在N端和C端包含佐剂和His标签,以增强其免疫反应。最终构建的实体由284个氨基酸组成;免疫学评估表明,所开发的疫苗具有抗原性,抗原性值为0.6222,无致敏性,且具有预期的理化特性。预测了二级和三级结构,并对其质量进行了评估。此外,疫苗与TLR3之间的对接分析显示出强烈的分子相互作用,结合能为-20.0 kcal/mol,并通过分子动力学模拟(100ns)分析了稳定性。此外,分析了设计疫苗的表达和免疫反应,发现疫苗表达水平较高(pET28a(+)),并伴随着密码子适应指数值0.94、GC含量58.36%以及IgM + IgG、细胞因子和白细胞介素的产生,产生了强烈的免疫反应。基于全面研究,所开发的疫苗能刺激强烈的免疫反应。然而,需要进行实验室分析以确认该疫苗的保护效力。