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通过检测HIV-1包膜糖蛋白设计多表位亚单位疫苗的探索性算法:一种免疫信息学和病毒信息学方法。

Exploratory algorithms to devise multi-epitope subunit vaccine by examining HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein: An immunoinformatics and viroinformatics approach.

作者信息

Mishra Saurav Kumar, Senathilake Kanishka Sithira, Kumar Neeraj, Patel Chirag N, Uddin Mohammad Borhan, Alqahtani Taha, Alqahtani Ali, Alharbi Hanan M, Georrge John J

机构信息

Department of Bioinformatics, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.

Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2025 Feb 27;20(2):e0318523. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318523. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a widespread pandemic and severe health issue, is triggered by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); there is no specific vaccine to cure this infection, and the situation is worsening. Therefore, this research sought to develop a vaccine with multiple epitopes against this infection targeting envelope glycoprotein (vital in host-cell interaction) through the immunoinformatics and viroinformatics approach. We identified one B-cell, eight MHC-I, and four MHC-II epitopes on its immunogen-assisted screening. In addition, these putative epitopes were conjoined concurrently using a specific linker (EAAAK, KK, GPGPG), including an adjuvant and a His-Tag at the N and C terminal, respectively, to augment its immune reaction. The final constructed entity consists of 284 amino acids; immunological evaluation demonstrated that the developed vaccine possesses antigenic features with a value of 0.6222, is non-allergenic, and has prospective physiochemical characteristics. The secondary and tertiary structures were anticipated, and their quality has been evaluated. Further, docking analysis between vaccines with TLR3 shows a strong molecular interaction with a -20.0 kcal/mol binding energy, and the stability was analysed through the MD simulation (100ns). Moreover, the designed vaccine expression and immune response were analysed, and a high vaccine expression level was found (pET28a (+)) and robust immune response followed by codon adaptation index value 0.94, 58.36% GC content, and the generation of IgM +  IgG, cytokines and interleukin. Based on overall investigation, the developed vaccine stimulates a robust immune response. Nevertheless, laboratory analysis is needed to confirm the protective potency of the vaccine.

摘要

获得性免疫缺陷综合征(艾滋病)是一种广泛流行的严重健康问题,由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引发;目前尚无治愈这种感染的特异性疫苗,且情况正在恶化。因此,本研究旨在通过免疫信息学和病毒信息学方法,开发一种针对这种感染的具有多个表位的疫苗,该疫苗靶向包膜糖蛋白(在宿主细胞相互作用中至关重要)。我们在其免疫原辅助筛选中鉴定出一个B细胞表位、八个MHC-I表位和四个MHC-II表位。此外,这些推定表位通过特定的连接子(EAAAK、KK、GPGPG)同时连接,分别在N端和C端包含佐剂和His标签,以增强其免疫反应。最终构建的实体由284个氨基酸组成;免疫学评估表明,所开发的疫苗具有抗原性,抗原性值为0.6222,无致敏性,且具有预期的理化特性。预测了二级和三级结构,并对其质量进行了评估。此外,疫苗与TLR3之间的对接分析显示出强烈的分子相互作用,结合能为-20.0 kcal/mol,并通过分子动力学模拟(100ns)分析了稳定性。此外,分析了设计疫苗的表达和免疫反应,发现疫苗表达水平较高(pET28a(+)),并伴随着密码子适应指数值0.94、GC含量58.36%以及IgM + IgG、细胞因子和白细胞介素的产生,产生了强烈的免疫反应。基于全面研究,所开发的疫苗能刺激强烈的免疫反应。然而,需要进行实验室分析以确认该疫苗的保护效力。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/914f/11867397/b246af5a9791/pone.0318523.g001.jpg

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