危地马拉面临慢性肾病风险的男性甘蔗工人的空气传播颗粒物暴露情况。

Airborne particulate matter exposure in male sugarcane workers at risk for chronic kidney disease in Guatemala.

作者信息

Adgate John L, Erlandson Grant, Butler-Dawson Jaime, Calvimontes-Barrientos Laura, Amezquita Luis, Seidel James, Barnoya Joaquin, Castro Colton, Coyoy Magali, Pérez Marcos, Dally Miranda, Krisher Lyndsay, Jaramillo Diana, Brindley Stephen, Newman Lee S, Schaeffer Joshua

机构信息

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health (EOH), Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.

Centers for Health Work and Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.

出版信息

Ann Work Expo Health. 2025 Apr 24;69(4):377-388. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxaf008.

DOI:10.1093/annweh/wxaf008

PMID:40072364

Abstract

BACKGROUND

There is an international epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu) in agricultural working populations. Particulate air pollution is a likely contributing factor in populations at risk for CKDu, but there is little personal breathing zone data for these workers.

METHODS

We collected 1 to 3 personal breathing zone particulate matter <5 microns (PM5) gravimetric measurements in 143 male sugarcane harvesters over 2 seasons and concurrent ambient samples using personal sampling pumps and cyclone inlets as a sampling train. Due to very high concentrations observed during a pilot of these methods, personal breathing zone sampling duration was set to 4 h, beginning either at the start of a work shift (AM) or delayed for 4 h (PM). To obtain full-shift exposure concentrations we calculated 8-h time-weighted average (TWA, in µg/m3) estimates of each worker's full-shift personal breathing zone PM5 exposure concentration by averaging their individual monitored concentration with the median concentration of the unmonitored AM or PM segment from all workers that day to obtain an 8-h TWA.

RESULTS

Median full-shift personal TWA PM5 concentrations were 449 μg/m3 (range 20.5 to 1,930 μg/m3), which were much higher than ambient concentrations in these fields (median 136, range 22.5 to 2,360 μg/m3). These findings document very high personal breathing zone PM5 exposure in workers at risk for CKDu: median concentrations for all workers were 3.5 (range <1 to 33.6) times as high as concurrent ambient concentrations.

SIGNIFICANCE

These findings suggest that ambient measurements of particulate matter are insufficient to estimate personal exposure in this population and that personal breathing zone monitoring should be used to fully explore air pollution as a risk factor for CKDu. Given that particulate matter from this source likely has multiple hazardous constituents, future research should focus on characterizing all constituents and explore associations with biomarkers of kidney injury.

摘要

背景

农业劳动人群中存在病因不明的慢性肾脏病（CKDu）的国际流行情况。颗粒物空气污染可能是CKDu高危人群的一个促成因素，但针对这些工人的个人呼吸区数据很少。

方法

我们在两个季节里，使用个人采样泵和旋风入口作为采样系列，对143名男性甘蔗收割工人进行了1至3次个人呼吸区小于5微米颗粒物（PM5）的重量测量，并同时采集了环境样本。由于在这些方法的预试验中观察到浓度非常高，个人呼吸区采样持续时间设定为4小时，从工作班次开始时（上午）开始，或延迟4小时（下午）。为了获得全时段暴露浓度，我们通过将每个工人的个人监测浓度与当天所有工人未监测的上午或下午时段的中位数浓度进行平均，计算出每个工人全时段个人呼吸区PM5暴露浓度的8小时时间加权平均值（TWA，单位为μg/m3），以获得8小时TWA。

结果

全时段个人TWA PM5浓度中位数为449μg/m3（范围为20.5至1930μg/m3），远高于这些田地的环境浓度（中位数为136，范围为22.5至2360μg/m3）。这些发现证明，CKDu高危工人的个人呼吸区PM5暴露非常高：所有工人的浓度中位数是同时段环境浓度的3.5倍（范围小于1至33.6倍）。