Ahmadi Parisa, Mahmoudi Mahmoud, Rafatpanah Houshang, Rezaieyazdi Zahra, Ahmadi-Khorram Maryam, Javanmardi Zahra, Tabasi Nafiseh Sadat, Esmaeili Seyed-Alireza
Immunology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran.
Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Mar 16;13(3):e70068. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70068. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent and debilitating autoimmune disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated promising results regarding the use of probiotics as a therapeutic approach to alleviate RA symptoms. This study isolated monocytes from the PBMCs of RA patients and healthy donors. These monocytes were then differentiated into macrophages and divided into five groups: untreated, LPS-treated, (Del)-treated, (Ram)-treated, and a mixed treatment group. Three macrophage subpopulations-M0, M1, and M2-were identified in all treatment groups, with variations observed in the population percentages of each subpopulation and the expression levels of CD14, CD80, and HLA-DR. Flow cytometry results indicated that, compared to the untreated and LPS-treated groups, treatment with probiotic bacteria (Del, Ram, and Mix) stimulated the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 phenotype while suppressing the percentage of the M1 population. Additionally, the expression of CD14, a Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) and phagocytosis-inducing receptor, was significantly reduced in the probiotic-treated groups. Probiotic treatment also profoundly influenced antigen presentation by suppressing CD80, a ligand for the CD28 co-stimulatory marker on T cells, and HLA-DR, which presents antigens to the T cell receptors of Th4 cells. Interestingly, quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that probiotic treatment of macrophages significantly increased the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β, both anti-inflammatory cytokines, while significantly decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-12, IL-1β, and TNF-α, in both healthy controls and RA patients. It seems that these probiotics may have a regulatory effect on macrophages, affecting their polarization, antigen presentation patterns, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion profiles. This suggests that these probiotics may have therapeutic and prophylactic effects on RA.
类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种常见且使人衰弱的自身免疫性疾病。众多研究已证明，使用益生菌作为缓解RA症状的治疗方法取得了有前景的结果。本研究从RA患者和健康供体的外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中分离出单核细胞。然后将这些单核细胞分化为巨噬细胞，并分为五组：未处理组、脂多糖（LPS）处理组、（Del）处理组、（Ram）处理组和混合处理组。在所有处理组中均鉴定出三种巨噬细胞亚群——M0、M1和M2，各亚群的群体百分比以及CD14、CD80和HLA - DR的表达水平存在差异。流式细胞术结果表明，与未处理组和LPS处理组相比，用益生菌（Del、Ram和混合组）处理可刺激巨噬细胞向M2表型极化，同时抑制M1群体的百分比。此外，在益生菌处理组中，作为病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）和诱导吞噬作用的受体的CD14的表达显著降低。益生菌处理还通过抑制CD80（T细胞上CD28共刺激标志物的配体）和HLA - DR（将抗原呈递给Th4细胞的T细胞受体）对抗原呈递产生深远影响。有趣的是，定量实时PCR结果表明，对巨噬细胞进行益生菌处理可显著增加抗炎细胞因子IL - 10和TGF -β的表达，同时在健康对照和RA患者中显著降低包括IL - 12、IL - 1β和TNF -α在内的炎性细胞因子的表达。似乎这些益生菌可能对巨噬细胞具有调节作用，影响其极化、抗原呈递模式、吞噬作用和细胞因子分泌谱。这表明这些益生菌可能对RA具有治疗和预防作用。
