OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of sintilimab injection and chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy for stage IB-IIIB non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), and evaluate its clinical safety. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with stage IB-IIIB NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant treatment before surgery at Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, between June 2021 to August 2023. Eighty patients were divided into an observation group(n = 40) and a control group(n = 40) according to their treatment regimens. The control group was administered albumin-bound paclitaxel plus cisplatin, while the observation group received sintilimab injection in addition to the exact treatment provided for the control group. The clinical efficacy, tumor marker levels, immune function, and quality of life were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the overall response rate in the observation group was 85.00%, significantly higher than 65.00% in the control group(P< 0.05). The overall pathological response rate in the observation group was 77.5%, significantly higher than 42.5% in the control group (P< 0.05).During treatment, adverse reactions were observed in both groups. Yet, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The combination therapy of sintilimab injection, albumin-bound paclitaxel, and cisplatin for stage IB-IIIB NSCLC can effectively reduce tumor marker levels, improve immune function, demonstrating favorable clinical and pathological efficacy without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.